Psychotic experiences and disorders in adolescents and young adults with borderline intellectual functioning and intellectual disabilities: evidence from a population-based birth cohort in the United Kingdom.

Background: Individuals with borderline intellectual functioning and intellectual disabilities (intellectual impairment) may be at increased risk of psychosis. However, studies have been limited by small and selected samples. Moreover, the role of early life trauma, a key risk factor for psychosis, in the associations is unknown.

Childhood trauma as a mediator between autistic traits and depression: evidence from the ALSPAC birth cohort.

Background: Autism and autistic traits have been associated with greater risk of childhood trauma and adulthood psychopathology. However, the role that childhood trauma plays in the association between autism, autistic traits and depression in adulthood is poorly understood.

Methods: We used a UK-based birth cohort with phenotype and genotype data on autism, autistic traits, childhood trauma and depression in up to 9,659 individuals prospectively followed up from birth until age 28 years.

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Neuropsychiatric Phenotype of CACNA1C-Related Disorder.

Background: CACNA1C encodes the voltage-gated L-type calcium channel Ca1.2. A specific gain-of-function pathogenic variant in CACNA1C causes Timothy syndrome type 1 (TS1) with cardiac long QT syndrome, syndactyly, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Characterising heart rhythm abnormalities associated with Xp22.31 deletion.

Background: Genetic deletions at Xp22.31 are associated with the skin condition X linked ichthyosis (XLI), and with a substantially increased risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), in males. AF is associated with elevated thrombosis, heart failure, stroke and dementia risk.

Neurological and psychiatric disorders among autistic adults: a population healthcare record study.

Background: Co-occurring psychiatric disorders are common in autism, with previous studies suggesting 54-94% of autistic individuals develop a mental health condition in their lifetime. Most studies have looked at clinically-recruited cohorts, or paediatric cohorts followed into adulthood, with less known about the autistic community at a population level. We therefore studied the prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric and neurological conditions in autistic individuals in a national sample.

Pharmacological therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of monotherapy, augmentation and head-to-head approaches.

: Pharmacological approaches are widely used for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) despite uncertainty over efficacy. : To determine the efficacy of all pharmacological approaches, including monotherapy, augmentation and head-to-head approaches (drug versus drug, drug versus psychotherapy), in reducing PTSD symptom severity. : A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials were undertaken; 115 studies were included.

Evidence of increasing recorded diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in Wales, UK: An e-cohort study.

Autism spectrum disorders (autism) are thought to be relatively common, with analyses estimating 1% in the population could meet diagnostic criteria. New services for adult diagnosis have been set up in Wales, UK; however, no studies have examined for the proportion of adults with autism in Wales. In this study, we take anonymised healthcare record data from more than 3.

Pharmacological-assisted Psychotherapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

: Pharmacological-assisted psychotherapies, using conventional and novel drug agents, are increasingly being used both in clinical and experimental research settings, respectively. : To determine the efficacy of conventional and novel pharmacological-assisted psychotherapies in reducing PTSD symptom severity. : A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials were undertaken; 21 studies were included.

Medical and neurobehavioural phenotypes in male and female carriers of Xp22.31 duplications in the UK Biobank.

Deletions spanning the STS (steroid sulfatase) gene at Xp22.31 are associated with X-linked ichthyosis, corneal opacities, testicular maldescent, cardiac arrhythmia, and higher rates of developmental and mood disorders/traits, possibly related to the smaller volume of some basal ganglia structures. The consequences of duplication of the same genomic region have not been systematically assessed in large or adult samples, although evidence from case reports/series has indicated high rates of developmental phenotypes.

Medical and neurobehavioural phenotypes in carriers of X-linked ichthyosis-associated genetic deletions in the UK Biobank.

Background: X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is an uncommon dermatological condition resulting from a deficiency of the enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS), often caused by X-linked deletions spanning . Some medical comorbidities have been identified in XLI cases, but small samples of relatively young patients has limited this. is highly expressed in subcortical brain structures, and males with XLI and female deletion carriers appear at increased risk of developmental/mood disorders and associated traits; the neurocognitive basis of these findings has not been examined.

Autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in adults: phenotype and genotype findings from a clinically derived cohort.

Background: The past decade has seen the development of services for adults presenting with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the UK. Compared with children, little is known about the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of these patients.

Aims: This e-cohort study aimed to examine the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of a clinically presenting sample of adults diagnosed with ASD by specialist services.