APOBEC3B expression in 293T viral producer cells drives mutations in chimeric antigen receptors and reduces CAR T cell efficacy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a clinically approved therapy for blood cancers. To produce clinical-grade CAR T cells, a retroviral or lentiviral vector is used to deliver the CAR and associated genes to patient T cells. Apolipoprotein B editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 3 (APOBEC3) enzymes are known to be upregulated after transfection and retroviral infection and to deaminate cytidine to uracil in nucleic acids, resulting in cytidine-to-thymine mutations in DNA.

Trap and ambush therapy using sequential primary and tumor escape-selective oncolytic viruses.

In multiple models of oncolytic virotherapy, it is common to see an early anti-tumor response followed by recurrence. We have previously shown that frontline treatment with oncolytic VSV-IFN-β induces APOBEC proteins, promoting the selection of specific mutations that allow tumor escape. Of these mutations in B16 melanoma escape (ESC) cells, a C-T point mutation in the cold shock domain-containing E1 () gene was present at the highest frequency, which could be used to ambush ESC cells by vaccination with the mutant CSDE1 expressed within the virus.

High-energy synchrotron X-ray tomography coupled with digital image correlation highlights likely failure points inside ITER toroidal field conductors.

Two sections of heat-treated (HT) and non-heat-treated (NHT) Cable-in-Conduit Conductor (CICC) of a design similar to the ITER tokomak have been imaged using very high energy X-ray tomography at the ESRF beamline ID19. The sample images were collected at four temperatures down to 77 K. These results showed a greater degree of movement, bundle distortion and touching strands in the NHT sample.

Spatial, Temporal, and Genetic Invasion Dynamics of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Illinois.

The spread of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus Skuse, throughout the United States has implications for the transmission potential of vector-borne diseases. We used a 30-yr data set of occurrence records in Illinois and developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to shed light on the patterns and processes involved in the introduction and expansion along the northern edge of the geographic range of this species. We also collected specimens from 10 locations and sequenced a segment of their mitochondrial COI genes to assess possible introduction sources and geographic patterns in genetic variation present within contemporary populations.

Novel Engraftment and T Cell Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Cells in SCID Pigs.

Pigs with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) are an emerging biomedical animal model. Swine are anatomically and physiologically more similar to humans than mice, making them an invaluable tool for preclinical regenerative medicine and cancer research. One essential step in further developing this model is the immunological humanization of SCID pigs.

Severe Herpes Zoster Following Varicella Vaccination in Immunocompetent Young Children.

Varicella vaccination is now virtually universal in North America, as well as in some European and Asian countries. Since varicella vaccine is a live attenuated virus, the virus replicates in the skin after administration and can travel via sensory nerves or viremia to become latent in the dorsal root ganglia. In some immunized children, virus reactivates within a few months to a few years to cause the dermatomal exanthem known as herpes zoster (shingles).

Executive summary: the management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Evidenced-based guidelines for management of infants and children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were prepared by an expert panel comprising clinicians and investigators representing community pediatrics, public health, and the pediatric specialties of critical care, emergency medicine, hospital medicine, infectious diseases, pulmonology, and surgery. These guidelines are intended for use by primary care and subspecialty providers responsible for the management of otherwise healthy infants and children with CAP in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Site-of-care management, diagnosis, antimicrobial and adjunctive surgical therapy, and prevention are discussed.

The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Evidenced-based guidelines for management of infants and children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were prepared by an expert panel comprising clinicians and investigators representing community pediatrics, public health, and the pediatric specialties of critical care, emergency medicine, hospital medicine, infectious diseases, pulmonology, and surgery. These guidelines are intended for use by primary care and subspecialty providers responsible for the management of otherwise healthy infants and children with CAP in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Site-of-care management, diagnosis, antimicrobial and adjunctive surgical therapy, and prevention are discussed.

Prevention and management of positional skull deformities in infants. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, Section on Plastic Surgery and Section on Neurological Surgery.

Cranial asymmetry may be present at birth or may develop during the first few months of life. Over the past several years, pediatricians have seen an increase in the number of children with cranial asymmetry, particularly unilateral flattening of the occiput. This increase likely is attributable to parents following the American Academy of Pediatrics "Back to Sleep" positioning recommendations aimed at decreasing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.