B-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Isolated to the Testes: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Isolated testicular involvement in pediatric lymphoma is rare and poses diagnostic challenges. In this study, the case of an isolated testicular B-lymphoblastic lymphoma in a 9-year-old boy is discussed with an emphasis on the difficulties in diagnosing and treating such an unusual presentation. This example illustrates the importance of considering lymphoblastic lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of an unidentified source of testicular enlargement.

Caspofungin resistant disseminated candidiasis in a 7-year-old girl with T cell lymphoma: a case report.

Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of disseminated candidiasis. Guidelines for the treatment of invasive candidiasis were last published in 2009, but resistance to the recommended treatment has recently been described in the literature. Here we present the case of an immunocompromised child with T-cell lymphoma who died secondary to disseminated candidiasis despite prolonged antifungal therapy.

Pegasparaginase treatment alters thrombin generation by modulating the protein C and S system in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma.

Paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma treated with pegasparaginase are at an increased risk of thrombosis. We evaluated changes in thrombin generation in the presence and absence of thrombomodulin using paired plasma samples collected from paediatric patients treated with pegasparaginase. Postpegasparaginase samples were significantly less sensitive to reductions in thrombin generation in the presence of thrombomodulin compared with prepegasparaginase, suggesting reduced protein C and S activity.

Antiretroviral therapy down-regulates innate antiviral response genes in patients with AIDS in sub-saharan Africa.

Objective: HIV pathogenesis is characterized by destructive imbalances between virus-mediated immune damage, antiviral immune responses, and immune activation. We characterized the effects of successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) to identify the breadth and patterns of HIV-associated gene expression.

Methods: In a prospective observational, longitudinal cohort study of 10 ART-naive Ugandans with AIDS (median 30 CD4/μL), we measured mRNA gene profiles in peripheral blood using Affymetrix U133_Plus2.

Specificity determinants of conjugative DNA processing in the Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pCF10 and the Lactococcus lactis plasmid pRS01.

The DNA-processing region of the Enterococcus faecalis pheromone-responsive plasmid pCF10 is highly similar to that of the otherwise unrelated plasmid pRS01 from Lactococcus lactis. A transfer-proficient pRS01 derivative was unable to mobilize plasmids containing the pCF10 origin of transfer, oriT. In contrast, pRS01 oriT-containing plasmids could be mobilized by pCF10 at a low frequency.

Genetic characterization of the conjugative DNA processing system of enterococcal plasmid pCF10.

Conjugation is a major contributor to lateral gene transfer in bacteria, and pheromone-inducible conjugation systems in Enterococcus faecalis play an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and virulence in enterococci and related bacteria. We have genetically dissected the determinants of DNA processing of the enterococcal conjugative plasmid pCF10. Insertional inactivation of a predicted relaxase gene pcfG, via insertion of a splicing-deficient group II intron, severely reduced pCF10 transfer.

Characterization of the pheromone response of the Enterococcus faecalis conjugative plasmid pCF10: complete sequence and comparative analysis of the transcriptional and phenotypic responses of pCF10-containing cells to pheromone induction.

The sex pheromone plasmids in Enterococcus faecalis are one of the most efficient conjugative plasmid transfer systems known in bacteria. Plasmid transfer rates can reach or exceed 10(-1) transconjugants per donor in vivo and under laboratory conditions. We report the completion of the DNA sequence of plasmid pCF10 and the analysis of the transcription profile of plasmid genes, relative to conjugative transfer ability following pheromone induction.

Conserved target for group II intron insertion in relaxase genes of conjugative elements of gram-positive bacteria.

The lactococcal group II intron Ll.ltrB interrupts the ltrB relaxase gene within a region that encodes a conserved functional domain. Nucleotides essential for the homing of Ll.