Postoperative Rehabilitation and Return-to-Sport Criteria After Distal Triceps Rupture Repair: A Scoping Review.

Background: Distal triceps rupture is a rare injury that is commonly surgically repaired to improve elbow strength and function. Most patients are active and have goals to return to specific activities and sports. There is no gold standard rehabilitation protocol for return to sport (RTS) after distal triceps repair.

Emerging Mesoscale Flows and Chaotic Advection in Dense Active Matter.

We study two models of overdamped self-propelled disks in two dimensions, with and without aligning interactions. Both models support active mesoscale flows, leading to chaotic advection and transport over large length scales in their homogeneous dense fluid states, away from dynamical arrest. They form streams and vortices reminiscent of multiscale flow patterns in turbulence.

Impact of Climate on Stress Ultrasound Findings of the Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament in Professional Baseball Pitchers: An 18-Year Study.

Background: The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is the primary soft tissue stabilizer to valgus stress in the elbow and is placed under this valgus stress during the throwing motion. Although there are known risk factors for UCL injury, it is unknown whether the UCL undergoes adaptive changes in athletes from different climates.

Purpose: To compare elbow stress ultrasound (SUS) findings between professional baseball pitchers from warm climates versus cold climates and assess significant differences in adaptive and morphologic changes in the UCL.

Teaching robots the art of human social synchrony.

Humanoid robots can now learn the art of social synchrony using neural networks.

Competition between lanes and transient jammed clusters in driven binary mixtures.

We consider mixtures of oppositely driven particles, showing that their nonequilibrium steady states form lanes parallel to the drive, which coexist with transient jammed clusters where particles are temporarily immobilized. We analyze the interplay between these two types of nonequilibrium pattern formation, including their implications for macroscopic demixing perpendicular to the drive. Finite-size scaling analysis indicates that there is no critical driving force associated with demixing, which appears as a crossover in finite systems.

How do cicadas emerge together? Thermophysical aspects of their collective decision-making.

Periodical cicadas exhibit life cycles with durations of 13 or 17 years, and it is now accepted that large prime cycles arose to avoid synchrony with predators. Less well explored is how, in the face of intrinsic biological and environmental noise, insects within a brood emerge together in large successive swarms from underground during springtime warming. Here, we consider the decision-making process of underground cicadas experiencing random, spatially correlated thermal microclimates such as those in nature.

Rehabilitation and return to sport criteria following surgical treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum: a systematic review.

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum is a well-described condition that most commonly affects adolescent throwing athletes and gymnasts. There is no gold standard rehabilitation protocol or timing for return to sport (RTS) after surgical management of OCD of the capitellum.

Hypothesis/purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify in the existing literature any criteria used for RTS following surgical treatment of OCD of the capitellum.

The Utility of Stress Ultrasound in Identifying Risk Factors for Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear: A Longitudinal Study of 203 Professional Baseball Players.

Background: Injuries to the medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) are common among baseball pitchers due to repetitive stress on the soft tissue stabilizers of the elbow during pitching. Dynamic stress ultrasound (SUS) can be used to evaluate the UCL and ulnohumeral joint to identify anatomic risk factors of those who will require UCL reconstruction (UCLR).

Purpose: To determine whether any adaptive or morphological changes detectable on SUS can predict injury to the UCL in professional baseball pitchers.

Dynamic Stress Ultrasound Assessment of Professional Baseball Players' Elbows After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: There is a paucity of data analyzing dynamic stress ultrasound (SUS) findings in elite pitchers who have undergone ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction (UCLR) and returned to sport.

Purpose: To identify longitudinal, perioperative changes in the elbows of professional baseball pitchers who have undergone UCLR and to compare these findings with a matched cohort of healthy pitchers.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Partial and complete wetting of droplets of active Brownian particles.

We study wetting droplets formed of active Brownian particles in contact with a repulsive potential barrier, in a wedge geometry. Our numerical results demonstrate a transition between partially wet and completely wet states, as a function of the barrier height, analogous to the corresponding surface phase transition in passive fluids. We analyse partially wet configurations characterised by a nonzero contact angle between the droplet surface and the barrier including the average density profile and its fluctuations.

Social class perception is driven by stereotype-related facial features.

Social class is a powerful hierarchy that determines many privileges and disadvantages. People form impressions of others' social class (like other important social attributes) from facial appearance, and these impressions correlate with stereotype judgments. However, what drives these related subjective judgments remains unknown.

Association Between Draft Order and Stress Sonography of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow in Professional Baseball Pitchers: An 18-Year Study.

Background: The Major League Baseball (MLB) draft is a common route for players to enter professional baseball in the United States. Players taken in earlier rounds are typically higher-performing players. When looking at pitchers specifically, higher performance at the amateur level may be associated with an increased frequency of adaptive change in the throwing elbow.

Heterogeneous nucleation in the random field Ising model.

We investigate the nucleation dynamics of the three-dimensional random field Ising model under an external field. We use umbrella sampling to compute the free-energy cost of a critical nucleus and use forward flux sampling for the direct estimation of nucleation rates. For moderate to strong disorder, our results indicate that the size of the nucleating cluster is not a good reaction coordinate, contrary to the pure Ising model.

Cultural facial expressions dynamically convey emotion category and intensity information.

Communicating emotional intensity plays a vital ecological role because it provides valuable information about the nature and likelihood of the sender's behavior. For example, attack often follows signals of intense aggression if receivers fail to retreat. Humans regularly use facial expressions to communicate such information.

Optimizing mood prior to influenza vaccination in older adults: A three-arm randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This trial explored the psychological and immunological effects of two brief interventions, targeting improving positive mood, administered to older adults immediately prior to influenza vaccination. The primary aim was to examine whether the interventions resulted in greater positive mood compared to usual care, and if so, which was superior. Secondary outcomes included antibody responses to vaccination and feasibility of collecting clinical outcome data (e.

Seasonal trends in antidepressant prescribing, depression, anxiety and self-harm in adolescents and young adults: an open cohort study using English primary care data.

Background: There is an increasing demand for mental health services for young people, which may vary across the year.

Objective: To determine whether there are seasonal patterns in primary care antidepressant prescribing and mental health issues in adolescents and young adults.

Methods: This cohort study used anonymised electronic health records from general practices in England contributing to QResearch.

Necking and failure of a particulate gel strand: signatures of yielding on different length scales.

"Sticky" spheres with a short-ranged attraction are a basic model of a wide range of materials from the atomic to the granular length scale. Among the complex phenomena exhibited by sticky spheres is the formation of far-from-equilibrium dynamically arrested networks which comprise "strands" of densely packed particles. The aging and failure of such gels under load is a remarkably challenging problem, given the simplicity of the model, as it involves multiple length- and time-scales, making a single approach ineffective.

Tricritical Behavior in Dynamical Phase Transitions.

We identify a new scenario for dynamical phase transitions associated with time-integrated observables occurring in diffusive systems described by the macroscopic fluctuation theory. It is characterized by the pairwise meeting of first- and second-order bias-induced phase transition curves at two tricritical points. We formulate a simple, general criterion for its appearance and derive an exact Landau theory for the tricritical behavior.

Frequency and impact of medication reviews for people aged 65 years or above in UK primary care: an observational study using electronic health records.

Background: Medication reviews in primary care provide an opportunity to review and discuss the safety and appropriateness of a person's medicines. However, there is limited evidence about access to and the impact of routine medication reviews for older adults in the general population, particularly in the UK. We aimed to quantify the proportion of people aged 65 years and over with a medication review recorded in 2019 and describe changes in the numbers and types of medicines prescribed following a review.

Shear wave elastography of the ulnar collateral ligament in division IA pitchers across a competitive collegiate season.

Background: The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is a commonly injured elbow stabilizer during throwing. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a technique that may reveal structural changes in the UCL that are indicative of ligament health and injury risk. The purpose of this study was to assess preseason and inseason shear wave velocity (SWV) in the UCL of collegiate pitchers and to asses repeatability of this measurement technique in healthy volunteers.

Intermittent relaxation and avalanches in extremely persistent active matter.

We use numerical simulations to study the dynamics of dense assemblies of self-propelled particles in the limit of extremely large, but finite, persistence times. In this limit, the system evolves intermittently between mechanical equilibria where active forces balance interparticle interactions. We develop an efficient numerical strategy allowing us to resolve the statistical properties of elastic and plastic relaxation events caused by activity-driven fluctuations.