Total spine MRI for the preoperative evaluation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Part 2 - spinal cord tumors, dysraphisms, diastematomyelia, and vertebral anomalies.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a commonly encountered condition often diagnosed on screening examination. Underlying, asymptomatic neural axis abnormalities may be present at the time of diagnosis. At certain institutions, total spine MRI is obtained preoperatively to identify these abnormalities.

Total spine MRI for the preoperative evaluation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: part 1.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a commonly encountered condition often diagnosed on screening examination. Underlying, asymptomatic neural axis abnormalities may be present at the time of diagnosis. At certain institutions, total spine MRI is obtained preoperatively to identify these abnormalities.

Magnetic resonance imaging quality in the context of a knee-spanning external fixator placed inside the MR bore: a literature review.

After emergent assessment of potentially limb-threatening injuries in knee dislocation or multi-ligament knee injury patients, magnetic resonance imaging is necessary to visualize ligamentous structures and plan for soft tissue repair. However, the application of a knee-spanning external fixator may introduce artifact and reduce overall image quality, which can limit the evaluation of soft tissue injury. As a result, the utility of MRI in the context of a knee-spanning external fixator has been called into question.

Perspectives and institutional policies on patient safety and image quality regarding the use of knee-spanning external fixators in MRI: A survey study of the Society of Skeletal Radiology.

Objective: Concerns regarding patient safety and image quality have made the use of knee-spanning external fixators in MRI a challenging clinical scenario. The purpose of our study was to poll practicing musculoskeletal radiologists on their personal experiences regarding the use of knee-spanning external fixators in MRI in an effort to consolidate practice trends for the radiologists' benefit.

Methods: A 27-item survey was created to address the institutional use, safety, adverse events, quality, and perspectives of the radiologist related to MRI of an externally fixated knee.

Update of pediatric bone tumors-other mesenchymal tumors of bone, hematopoietic neoplasms of bone, and WHO classification of undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas of bone.

There are numerous bone tumors in the pediatric population, with imaging playing an essential role in diagnosis and management. Our understanding of certain bone tumors has rapidly evolved over the past decade with advancements in next-generation genetic sequencing techniques. This increased level of understanding has altered the nomenclature, management approach, and prognosis of certain lesions.

Spectrum of imaging findings in soft-tissue necrosis.

Soft tissue necrosis can occur at different tissue levels, with numerous underlying causes. In this pictorial review, we highlight myonecrosis, and its accompanying stages, fat necrosis, devitalized soft tissue seen with infection, and necrotizing soft tissue infections. Imaging examples are provided with each entity.

Update of pediatric bone tumors-notochordal tumors, chondrogenic tumors, and vascular tumors of the bone.

There are numerous bone tumors in the pediatric population, with imaging playing an essential role in diagnosis and management. Our understanding of certain bone tumors has rapidly evolved over the past decade with advancements in next-generation genetic sequencing techniques. This increased level of understanding has altered the nomenclature, management approach, and prognosis of certain lesions.

Update of pediatric bone tumors: osteogenic tumors and osteoclastic giant cell-rich tumors.

There are numerous bone tumors in the pediatric population, with imaging playing an essential role in diagnosis and management. Our understanding of certain bone tumors has rapidly evolved over the past decade with advancements in next-generation genetic sequencing techniques. This increased level of understanding has altered the nomenclature, management approach, and prognosis of certain lesions.

Posteromedial tibial plateau bone bruises are associated with medial meniscal ramp lesions in patients with concomitant anterior cruciate ligament ruptures: a systematic review & meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine if posteromedial tibial plateau (PMTP) bone bruising on pre-operative MRI is significantly associated with a ramp lesion identified during arthroscopy in patients with concomitant ACL ruptures.

Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched systematically for studies that investigated the association between PMTP bone bruises on preoperative MRI and ramp lesions confirmed during arthroscopy. Eight studies met inclusion criteria.

Paraneoplastic musculoskeletal disorders: review and update for radiologists.

Rheumatic paraneoplastic syndromes are rare syndromes that occur at distant sites from the underlying tumor and may involve the bones, joints, fasciae, muscles, or vessels. In the absence of a known tumor, early recognition of a rheumatic syndrome as paraneoplastic permits dedicated work-up for, and potentially early treatment of an occult malignancy. Although there is a continuously growing list of paraneoplastic rheumatic disorders, not all of these disorders have a well-established association with a neoplastic process.

A Novel MRI Mapping Technique for Evaluating Bone Bruising Patterns Associated With Noncontact ACL Ruptures.

Background: Bone bruise patterns in the knee can aid in understanding the mechanism of injury in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. There is no universally accepted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mapping technique to describe the specific locations of bone bruises.

Hypothesis: The authors hypothesized that (1) our novel mapping technique would show high interrater and intrarater reliability for the location of bone bruises in noncontact ACL-injured knees and (2) the bone bruise patterns reported from this technique would support the most common mechanisms of noncontact ACL injury, including valgus stress, anterior tibial translation, and internal tibial rotation.

Injury to the Meniscofemoral Portion of the Deep MCL Is Associated with Medial Femoral Condyle Bone Marrow Edema in ACL Ruptures.

Background: The primary goal of the present study was to investigate injury to the deep medial collateral ligament (MCL), specifically the meniscofemoral ligament (MFL) portion, and its association with medial femoral condyle (MFC) bone marrow edema in acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. The secondary goal was to examine the association between MFL injury and medial meniscal tears (MMTs) in these same patients.

Methods: Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 55 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery were retrospectively reviewed by 2 board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists.

Meniscal Allograft Transplantation: A Pictorial Review.

Meniscal allograft transplantation may be indicated in a subset of patients with high-grade meniscectomy or irreparable meniscal injury and persistent knee pain that is resistant to conservative management. Meniscal allograft transplantation has demonstrated good to excellent results in short-term to midterm follow-up studies and satisfactory outcomes in long-term studies. The goals of this article are to review the indications, preoperative imaging assessment, surgical techniques, and postoperative assessment of uncomplicated and complicated meniscal allograft transplants.

Low-velocity, civilian firearm extremity injuries-review and update for radiologists.

Firearm injuries are a preventable epidemic in the USA. Extremities are commonly affected in gunshot injuries. Such injuries may be complex with concomitant osseous, soft tissue, and neurovascular components.

Update of pediatric soft tissue tumors with review of conventional MRI appearance-part 2: vascular lesions, fibrohistiocytic tumors, muscle tumors, peripheral nerve sheath tumors, tumors of uncertain differentiation, and undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas.

There are numerous soft tissue tumors and tumor-like conditions in the pediatric population. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful modality for imaging these lesions. Although certain soft tissue lesions exhibit magnetic resonance features characteristic of a specific diagnosis, most lesions are indeterminate, and a biopsy is necessary for diagnosis.

An Imaging Overview of the Posterior Septum of the Knee and Trans-Septal Portal Procedure: Normal Anatomy, Indications, and Unique Imaging Considerations.

The posterior trans-septal portal technique is an arthroscopic surgery of the knee providing surgeons with the ability to fully visualize the posterior compartment. With this procedure, portals are placed at the posteromedial and posterolateral aspect of the knee. Visualization of the medial and lateral posterior compartments then allows working space for the creation of the intra-articular portal that is made by dividing the posterior septum.

Update of pediatric soft tissue tumors with review of conventional MRI appearance-part 1: tumor-like lesions, adipocytic tumors, fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors, and perivascular tumors.

There are numerous soft tissue tumors and tumor-like conditions in the pediatric population. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful modality for imaging these lesions. Although certain soft tissue lesions exhibit magnetic resonance features characteristic of a specific diagnosis, most lesions are indeterminate, and a biopsy is necessary for diagnosis.

Current concepts of spondylosis and posterior spinal motion preservation for radiologists.

Spinal fusion is performed to eliminate motion at a degenerated or unstable segment. However, this is associated with loss of motion at the fused levels and increased stress on adjacent levels. Motion-preserving implants have been designed in effort to mitigate the limitations of fusion.

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the forearm as a single manifestation of neurofibromatosis type 1 at birth: A case report.

Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the forearm is an extremely rare condition. It is most commonly associated with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1). Patients with NF1-associated pseudoarthrosis have complex medical management and often require surgical intervention due to higher failure rates of union.

Exophytic External Occipital Protuberance Prevalence Pre- and Post-iPhone Introduction: A Retrospective Cohort.

: In controversial fashion, the presence of an enlarged external occipital protuberance has been recently linked to excessive use of handheld electronic devices. We sought to determine the prevalence of this protuberance in a diverse age group of adults from two separate time periods, before and approximately 10 years after the release of the iPhone, to further characterize this theory, as if indeed valid, such a relationship could direct preventative behavior. : Eighty-two cervical spine radiographs between March 7, 2007 through June 29, 2007 and 147 cervical spine radiographs between October 25, 2017 through January 1, 2018 were reviewed for the presence or absence of an exophytic external occipital protuberance.