Musculoskeletal infections associated with species: a case series.

: is an uncommon pathogen that has been reported to infect musculoskeletal structures. However, studies are largely limited to case reports, and little is known regarding management and outcomes of these infections. : We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of adults with culture-confirmed musculoskeletal infections at three Mayo Clinic centers in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota from November 2011 through April 2022.

fungemia: a 12-year retrospective review of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns at a reference laboratory and tertiary care center.

Unlabelled: The prevalence of invasive candidiasis caused by non- species is increasing. is an infrequent cause of candidemia but has been associated with decreased susceptibility to triazoles. Clinical data related to the infection with are sparse.

Effect of Antibiotic Therapy Before Arthrocentesis on Synovial Fluid Cell Count and Differential for Diagnosis of Native Joint Septic Arthritis.

We examined the effect of preoperative antibiotic exposure and duration on synovial fluid samples from patients with native joint septic arthritis of the hip/knee. While exposure before diagnostic arthrocentesis did not affect fluid parameters, increased duration was associated with a decreased total nucleated cell count, underscoring the complex antibiotic effects on synovial fluid parameters.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole dosing and outcomes of pulmonary nocardiosis.

Background: Nocardia often causes pulmonary infection among those with chronic pulmonary disease or immunocompromising conditions. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is recommended as first-line treatment, though little data exists regarding outcomes of different dosing regimens.

Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of adult patients with non-disseminated pulmonary nocardiosis initially treated with TMP-SMX monotherapy.

Effect of Preoperative Antibiotic Therapy on Operative Culture Yield for Diagnosis of Native Joint Septic Arthritis.

Background: Native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) is definitively diagnosed by a positive Gram stain or culture, along with supportive clinical findings. Preoperative antibiotics are known to alter synovial fluid cell count, Gram stain, and culture results and are typically postponed until after arthrocentesis to optimize diagnostic accuracy. However, data on the impact of preoperative antibiotics on operative culture yield for NJSA diagnosis are limited.

Updates in Culture-Negative Endocarditis.

Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis (BCNE) is a challenging condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This review discusses the epidemiology, microbiology, diagnosis, and treatment of BCNE considering advancements in molecular diagnostics and increased access to cardiac surgery. BCNE can be categorized into bacterial endocarditis with sterilized blood cultures due to previous antibiotic treatment, endocarditis caused by fastidious microorganisms, and true BCNE caused by intracellular organisms that cannot be cultured using traditional techniques.

Mortality After Nocardiosis: Risk Factors and Evaluation of Disseminated Infection.

Background: primarily infects patients who are immunocompromised or those with chronic lung disease. Although disseminated infection is widely recognized as an important prognostic factor, studies have been mixed on its impact on outcomes of nocardiosis.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults with culture-confirmed nocardiosis.

Outcomes of transplant recipients with pretransplant Nocardia colonization or infection.

Background: Specific pretransplant infections have been associated with poor posttransplant outcomes. However, the impact of pretransplant Nocardia isolation has not been studied.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study from three centers in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota of patients with Nocardia infection or colonization who subsequently underwent solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from November 2011 through April 2022.

Epidural Blood Patch in a Patient with a Hematological Malignancy.

Postdural puncture headache is a frequently encountered complication following procedures such as lumbar puncture, neuraxial anesthesia, or intrathecal drug delivery device implantation. It classically presents as a painful orthostatic headache that is exacerbated when a patient is upright. For treatment, patients are often started on conservative options such as hydration, caffeine, bedrest, and NSAID analgesics; however, certain patients who fail these therapies may require intervention with an epidural blood patch.

Ophthalmic manifestations of species complex: a case series and review of the literature.

Aim: To report 4 cases of () species complex infection with diverse ophthalmic manifestations, and to review the literature to examine pathobiology of disease, classical ophthalmic presentations and outcomes, and treatment modalities for this emerging pathogen.

Methods: Cases of meningoencephalitis with ophthalmic manifestations were identified chart review at two institutions in Australia and one institution in the mid-west region of the United States and are reported as a case series. Additionally, a MEDLINE literature review was conducted to identify all reported cases of with ophthalmic manifestations from 1990-2020.

Bloodstream Infection Following Cardiac Valve Repair: A Population-Based Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, epidemiology, and associated risk factors of bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients who had previously undergone cardiac valve repair.

Methods: A population-based study that included 7 counties in southeastern Minnesota using the expanded Rochester Epidemiology Project (e-REP) for adults (≥18 years) who underwent valve repair between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2018 was conducted. Electronic health records were screened for development of BSI and infective endocarditis (IE) from the date of valve repair through 30 July 2020.

Bloodstream infections in patients with transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Objective: To evaluate incidence and risk factors of bloodstream infections (BSI) in patients with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods: We conducted a population-based study in southeastern Minnesota using the expanded Rochester Epidemiology Project (e-REP) for all adult (≥18 years) patients who underwent TAVR from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018.

Results: The incidence of BSI following TAVR was 1300 episodes/100,000 persons per annum.

Naltrexone Initiation in the Inpatient Setting for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a highly prevalent health issue in the United States. The number of those receiving medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is limited, despite strong evidence for their effectiveness. The inpatient setting may represent an important opportunity to initiate MAT.

Linezolid use and drug-induced liver injury.

Linezolid is a frequently prescribed antibiotic for chronic infection suppression, such as in prosthetic joint infections. While well tolerated, its prolonged use can increase the risk of rare and serious side effects. We present a case of linezolid toxicity presenting with a constellation of adverse effects including bone marrow suppression, lactic acidosis, and drug-induced liver injury.

Symptoms to script: delays in tuberculosis treatment in the west of Ireland.

Background: The first pillar of the End-TB Strategy is "early diagnosis and prompt treatment". Nevertheless, long delays in starting tuberculosis (TB) treatment are reported. We aimed to describe the demographics and clinical features of TB in the west of Ireland and better understand the delays in treatment.

Spiritual Care of Inpatients Focusing on Outcomes and the Role of Chaplaincy Services: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To identify demographic trends associated with patient utilization and healthcare provider request for spiritual care services and to describe the impact of spiritual care on the quality of life (QoL), spiritual well-being (SWB) and level of satisfaction (SAT) of hospitalized patients.

Patients And Methods: A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, was combined with review of relevant bibliographies. A total of 464 titles and abstracts were reviewed.

Biofilm-sealed perforation of the gastric body: a rare sequela of gastric band erosion.

Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding is one of the cardinal bariatric interventions and due to its early safety profile, became the mainstay. Major long-term complications of gastric banding include pouch-herniation-dilation and gastric erosion. A 59-year-old female presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of progressive central abdominal pain and distention on a background history of a laparoscopic adjustable band insertion 11 years previously.

Impact of institutional smoking bans on reducing harms and secondhand smoke exposure.

Background: Smoking bans or restrictions can assist in eliminating nonsmokers' exposure to the dangers of secondhand smoke and can reduce tobacco consumption amongst smokers themselves. Evidence exists identifying the impact of tobacco control regulations and interventions implemented in general workplaces and at an individual level. However, it is important that we also review the evidence for smoking bans at a meso- or organisational level, to identify their impact on reducing the burden of exposure to tobacco smoke.

Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption.

Background: Smoking bans have been implemented in a variety of settings, as well as being part of policy in many jurisdictions to protect the public and employees from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke (SHS). They also offer the potential to influence social norms and the smoking behaviour of those populations they affect. Since the first version of this review in 2010, more countries have introduced national smoking legislation banning indoor smoking.