Neighborhood Characteristics and Loneliness in Later Life: The Role of "Person-Environment Fit".

Background And Objectives: There is increasing acknowledgment that loneliness is associated with neighborhood characteristics in addition to individual characteristics. We use four waves of geocoded data to examine longitudinal associations between neighborhood characteristics and loneliness of older adults.

Research Design And Methods: We draw on "person-environment fit" theory, utilizing individual assessments of neighborhoods, while also creating aggregate assessments by combining responses from other respondents from the same geographic area to test associations with loneliness.

Do middle-aged and older people underreport loneliness? experimental evidence from the Netherlands.

Despite the growing acknowledgment of the importance of loneliness among older individuals, questionnaire length constraints may hinder the inclusion of common multi-item loneliness scales in surveys. Direct, single-item loneliness measures are a practical alternative, but scholars have expressed concerns that such measures may lead to underreporting. Our aim was to test whether such reservations are justified.

Assessing the legal, illegal, and gray ornamental trade of the critically endangered helmeted hornbill.

Monitoring wildlife trade dynamics is an important initial step for conservation action and demand reduction campaigns to reduce illegal wildlife trade. Studies often rely on one data source to assess a species' trade, such as seizures or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) trade data. Each database provides useful information but is often incomplete.

Daily activities of older adults before and during the COVID pandemic.

Objectives: This study examines how older adults' (65 years old plus) daily activities shifted in the years around the coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic.

Methods: Using data from American Time Use Survey, this study compares activities across the pre-pandemic (2019 to March 2020), early-pandemic (May to December 2020), and pandemic-normal (2021) periods.

Results: In the first year of the pandemic, there was less time spent on average on leisure outside the home, traveling, and with nonhousehold members, and more time alone and at home, compared with before the pandemic.

Associations of Cerebral Blood Flow Patterns With Gray and White Matter Structure in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: Neuroimaging studies in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) show widespread brain network alterations beyond the mesiotemporal lobe. Despite the critical role of the cerebrovascular system in maintaining whole-brain structure and function, changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) remain incompletely understood in the disease. Here, we studied whole-brain perfusion and vascular network alterations in TLE and assessed its associations with gray and white matter compromises and various clinical variables.

Diversity of strong and weak ties and loneliness in older adults.

This paper examines the relationship between characteristics of older adults' networks and loneliness. Drawing on a mixed-methods study with primary data from 165 surveys and a subset of 50 in-depth interviews from the broader sample, we examine whether and how strong and weak ties in an individual's network provide different forms of support in buffering loneliness. Regression models demonstrate that a higher frequency of contacts with strong ties, rather than the number of strong ties, is associated with lower levels of loneliness.

Longitudinal Associations Between Loneliness and Prescription Medication Use.

Objectives: Both loneliness and the use of psychotropic drugs are common in later life. Although loneliness has been found to be associated with psychotropic drug use, most studies have been cross-sectional, and we know less about their longitudinal associations.

Methods: Drawing on five waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study and two statistical approaches (fixed-effects and cross-lagged panel models), we examine longitudinal associations between loneliness and the use of prescription pain and depression/anxiety medications.

Transformation, disruption or cumulative disadvantage? Labor market and education trajectories of young mothers in Australia.

Young motherhood is often framed as detrimental to the life chances of young women with research showing negative impacts on education and labor market outcomes. At the same time, qualitative research reports narratives of motherhood as a transformative experience, providing motivation for a fresh start and moving young women away from previously unstable life pathways. These scenarios appear contradictory, however outcomes might vary for different groups of women depending on their pre-birth trajectories.

Comparison between Conventional Modality Versus Cone-Beam Computer Tomography on the Assessment of Vertical Furcation in Molars.

This study aimed to assess the accuracy of diagnosis of vertical furcation subclass in molars using periapical radiographs (PAs) and clinical chartings compared against cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) as the gold standard. The protocol involved examiners with different levels of experience. This retrospective radiographic study retrieved 40 molar teeth with full periodontal chartings, PAs, and CBCT records.

"Friend-ish": Home Care Workers, "Social Labor" and Managing the Boundaries of the Carer Relationship.

We examine how changes in home care work, with greater emphasis on social support, have led to corresponding changes in the forms of labor performed by home care workers. Drawing on interviews with fifty older adults, we find in addition to physical and emotional labor, workers may be increasingly expected to engage in a form of labor we term "social labor," in which they actively manage the boundary between the professional services they provide and the personal relationships that may develop. We find examples of such expectations include (1) following the lead of clients who set out terms of the relationship and degree of sociality, (2) managing the potential dual role of "support worker" and "friend," and (3) meeting social needs of clients vulnerable to isolation.

Built Environment and Loneliness Among Older Adults in South East Queensland, Australia.

To examine characteristics of the built environment and investigate associations with loneliness among older adults. Drawing on geocoded data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey and measures of neighborhood features retrieved from multiple publicly available sources, we conducted principal component and regression analyses to examine the associations between characteristics of the built environment and loneliness among older adults in South East Queensland, Australia. Older adults living in compact neighborhoods with higher population and housing density, smaller land parcels, and more access to green space reported lower levels of loneliness.

Life Events and Loneliness Among Older Women of Diverse Sexual Identities: Application of the Stress Process Model.

Loneliness among older adults has been a topic of interest in recent years. We analyse four waves of data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. We estimate growth models to examine differences in loneliness trajectories from age 50 for women who identify as exclusively heterosexual, plurisexual (bisexual, mainly heterosexual, mainly lesbian) and exclusively lesbian.

Trajectories of Loneliness Among Older Women and Men: Variation by Sexual Identity?

Background And Objectives: The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature on variation in later-life outcomes by sexual identity. Drawing on the Iridescent Life Course framework, we examined differences in loneliness trajectories, and tested the roles of social connectedness and support, and socioeconomic and health statuses in explaining any observed disparities.

Research Design And Methods: Using growth models, we analyzed 19 years of data (2001-2019) from adults aged 50 years and older from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (n = 5,500 individuals), where a question on sexual identity was asked twice in the study.

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Closed Head Injury: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare condition, causing 0.5% of all strokes only, several mechanisms might be involved in forming the thrombosis, including closed head injury.

Methods: Systematic review was done by using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.

Neighborhood Characteristics, Neighborhood Satisfaction, and Loneliness Differences Across Ethnic-Migrant Groups in Australia.

Objectives: Loneliness is an important concern for older adults. Studies have linked demographic characteristics with loneliness, showing that it varies by ethnic and migrant statuses in countries in Europe and North America. Characteristics of the physical environment in which older adults are embedded have also received some attention, though prior studies have not fully investigated whether older adults from different ethnic-migrant backgrounds may report variation in loneliness because of characteristics of, or satisfaction with, their neighborhoods, which may shape their social interactions.

The effects of the built environment on the general health, physical activity and obesity of adults in Queensland, Australia.

The built environment has been identified as a key factor for health intervention and obesity prevention. However, it is still unclear to what extent the built environment is associated with obesity and general health and to what extent such an association is mediated through variation in physical activity. This study aims to examine the associations between individual characteristics, the built environment, physical activity, general health and body mass index to reveal the pathways through which the built environment is associated with the prevalence of obesity.

Retirement, social support and mental well-being: a couple-level analysis.

Social support is increasingly acknowledged as an important resource for promoting well-being. We test whether social support changes around retirement. We also examine whether social support moderates dynamics in mental well-being around retirement and consider both own and spouse's retirement drawing on a unique longitudinal, couple-level data set from Australia.

Chronic Illness, Subjective Wellbeing, and Health Services Availability: A Study of Older Adults in Australia.

Chronic illness is prevalent in older adults. While current scholarship has examined how various factors may be associated with the onset of chronic illnesses, fewer scholars have examined the role of health services availability. Drawing on a sample of older adults aged 50 and above from wave 16 of the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey and geo-coded information of general practitioners (GPs) from the Australian Medical Directory, 2016, we investigated whether living in areas with a greater number of GPs is related to reports of living with a chronic illness.

In vivo hippocampal cornu ammonis 1-3 glutamatergic abnormalities are associated with temporal lobe epilepsy surgery outcomes.

Objective: Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies using [ C]ABP688 show reduced metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) allosteric binding site availability in the epileptogenic hippocampus of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients. However, the link between mGluR5 abnormalities and postsurgical outcomes remains unclear. Here, we test whether reduced PET [ C]ABP688 binding in cornu ammonis (CA) sectors more vulnerable to glutamatergic excitotoxicity relates to surgical outcomes.

Contour of the Day: Social Patterning of Time in Later Life and Variation in Reported Well-Being in Activities.

To contextualize experiences of activities during the day and investigate whether the contour of the day is correlated with well-being during activities. Drawing on American Time Use Surveys, we employ sequence and cluster analyses to create distinct typologies of daily life patterns, and bivariate analyses to describe whether well-being across activities varies by these typologies. We identified four typologies characterized by different primary activity of the day: leisure (22.

Prosopagnosia seizure semiology in a 10-year-old boy: a functional neuroimaging study.

We illustrate a case of post-traumatic recurrent transient prosopagnosia in a paediatric patient with a right posterior inferior temporal gyrus haemorrhage seen on imaging and interictal electroencephalogram abnormalities in the right posterior quadrant. Face recognition area mapping with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional MRI (fMRI) was performed to clarify the relationship between the lesion and his prosopagnosia, which showed activation of the right fusiform gyrus that colocalised with the lesion. Lesions adjacent to the right fusiform gyrus can result in seizures presenting as transient prosopagnosia.