Optimizing the cost of the STEP programme.

The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) programme is a world-leading fusion power plant programme that has embedded a cost conscience in its design from the early phases. This firmly addresses the attitude of cost complacency of which many major infrastructure projects have historically been accused. While a detailed and highly accurate whole life cycle cost analysis is not possible, or even valuable, during the conceptual design stage, this early design phase is still the most critical programme phase where a focus on costs can drive longer term reductions and impact whole life cycle costs at the high level.

Aiding food security and sustainability efforts through graph neural network-based consumer food ingredient detection and substitution.

Understanding precisely what is in food products is not always straightforward due to food fraud, differing labelling regulations, naming inconsistencies and the hierarchical nature of ingredients. Despite this, the need to detect and substitute ingredients in consumer food products is far-reaching. The cultivation and production of many ingredients is unsustainable, and can lead to widespread deforestation and biodiversity loss.

Cluster Adjacency Properties of Scattering Amplitudes in N=4 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory.

We conjecture a new set of analytic relations for scattering amplitudes in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. They generalize the Steinmann relations and are expressed in terms of the cluster algebras associated to Gr(4,n). In terms of the symbol, they dictate which letters can appear consecutively.

Preliminary results for salt aerosol production intended for marine cloud brightening, using effervescent spray atomization.

The large-scale production of vast numbers of suitable salt nuclei and their upward launch is one of the main technological barriers to the experimental testing of marine cloud brightening (MCB). Very promising, though not definitive, results have been obtained using an adapted version of effervescent spray atomization. The process is simple, robust and inexpensive.

Marine cloud brightening.

The idea behind the marine cloud-brightening (MCB) geoengineering technique is that seeding marine stratocumulus clouds with copious quantities of roughly monodisperse sub-micrometre sea water particles might significantly enhance the cloud droplet number concentration, and thereby the cloud albedo and possibly longevity. This would produce a cooling, which general circulation model (GCM) computations suggest could-subject to satisfactory resolution of technical and scientific problems identified herein-have the capacity to balance global warming up to the carbon dioxide-doubling point. We describe herein an account of our recent research on a number of critical issues associated with MCB.