Consecutive non-training days over a weekend for assessing cardiac parasympathetic variation in response to accumulated exercise stress.

To examine the association between day-to-day resting cardiac parasympathetic variability over consecutive non-training days (i.e. weekend) and accumulated exercise stress when quantified using indices of cardiovascular strain.

Cartilage recovery in runners with and without knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study.

Objective: Running is an easy way of meeting physical activity recommendations for individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, it remains unknown how their cartilage reacts to running. The objective of this pilot study was to compare the effects of 30 min of running on T2 and T1ρ relaxation times of tibiofemoral cartilage in female runners with and without KOA.

Methods: Ten female runners with symptomatic KOA (mean age 52.

Real-Time Biofeedback of Performance to Reduce Braking Forces Associated With Running-Related Injury: An Exploratory Study.

Background: The high rate of running-related injury may be associated with increased peak braking forces (PBFs) and vertical loading rates. Gait retraining has been suggested by some experts to be an effective method to reduce loading parameters.

Objectives: To investigate whether PBF could be decreased following an 8-session gait retraining program among a group of female recreational runners and which self-selected kinematic strategies could achieve this decrease.

Kinematic Correlates of Kinetic Outcomes Associated With Running-Related Injury.

High magnitudes and rates of loading have been implicated in the etiology of running-related injuries. Knowledge of kinematic variables that are predictive of kinetic outcomes could inform clinic-based gait retraining programs. Healthy novice female runners ran on a treadmill while 3-dimensional biomechanical data were collected.

What are the perceptions about running and knee joint health among the public and healthcare practitioners in Canada?

Objectives: To evaluate the perceptions of the general public and healthcare practitioners (HCP) in Canada about the relationship between running and knee joint health, and to explore HCP`s usual recommendations to runners with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods: Non-runners and runners (with and without KOA) and HCP completed an online survey regarding the safety of running for knee joint health. HCP also provided information related to usual clinical recommendations.

Efficacy of Hot Yoga as a Heat Stress Technique for Enhancing Plasma Volume and Cardiovascular Performance in Elite Female Field Hockey Players.

Perrotta, AS, White, MD, Koehle, MS, Taunton, JE, and Warburton, DER. Efficacy of hot yoga as a heat stress technique for enhancing plasma volume and cardiovascular performance in elite female field hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2878-2887, 2018-This investigation examined the efficacy of hot yoga as an alternative heat stress technique for enhancing plasma volume percentage (PV%) and cardiovascular performance.

Monitoring the Prescribed and Experienced Heart Rate-Derived Training Loads in Elite Field Hockey Players.

Perrotta, AS, Taunton, JE, Koehle, MS, White, MD, and Warburton, DER. Monitoring the prescribed and experienced heart rate-derived training loads in elite field hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1394-1399, 2019-This study examined the congruence between the prescribed and experienced heart rate-derived training loads over a 5-week periodized mesocycle.

Gait modifications to change lower extremity gait biomechanics in runners: a systematic review.

Background: Abnormal biomechanics have been cited as a potential risk factor for running-related injury. Many modifiable biomechanical risk factors have also been proposed in the literature as interventions via gait retraining.

Aim: To determine which interventions have successfully modified biomechanical variables linked to running-related injury.

Functional knee brace use effect on peak vertical ground reaction forces during drop jump landing.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the landing strategies used by non-injured athletes while wearing functional knee braces (FKB, BR condition) during a drop jump task compared with non-injured, non-braced (NBR condition) subjects and also to ascertain whether accommodation to a FKB was possible by non-injured BR subjects.

Methods: Twenty-three healthy male provincial and national basketball and field hockey athletes (age, 19.4 ± 3.

The effects of exercise in hypoxic and normoxic conditions on endothelin-1 and arterial compliance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of short-term normoxic and hypoxic exercise on plasma endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels, and the relationship of arterial compliance and pulmonary artery pressure to endothelin-1. Seven endurance-trained males completed two incremental and two steady-state exercise tests performed at ventilatory threshold in normoxia and hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen = 0.14).

Performance of healthy braced participants during aerobic and anaerobic capacity tasks.

Context: Knee braces were introduced in sports approximately 30 years ago. However, the effects of a functional knee brace (FKB) on aerobic and anaerobic performance after fatigue are unknown.

Objective: To investigate whether FKB use in noninjured participants hindered performance during aerobic (Léger beep test) and anaerobic (repeated high-intensity shuttle test [RHIST]) tasks.

Effect of functional knee brace use on acceleration, agility, leg power and speed performance in healthy athletes.

Objectives: To investigate performance levels and accommodation period to functional knee brace (FKB) use in non-injured braced subjects while completing acceleration, agility, lower extremity power and speed tasks.

Design: A 2 (non-braced and braced conditions) × 5 (testing sessions) repeated-measures design.

Methods: 27 healthy male athletes were provided a custom fitted FKB.

A prospective study of concussion education in 2 junior ice hockey teams: implications for sports concussion education.

Object: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on concussion knowledge within a sample of junior fourth-tier ice hockey players.

Methods: A prospective cohort study, called the Hockey Concussion Education Project, was conducted during 1 junior ice hockey regular season (2009-2010) with 67 male fourth-tier ice hockey players (mean age 18.2 ± 1.

Return to play after an initial or recurrent concussion in a prospective study of physician-observed junior ice hockey concussions: implications for return to play after a concussion.

Object: The authors investigated return-to-play duration for initial and recurrent concussion in the same season in 2 teams of junior (16-21-year-old) ice hockey players during a regular season.

Methods: The authors conducted a prospective cohort study during 1 junior regular season (2009-2010) of 67 male fourth-tier ice hockey players (mean age 18.2 ± 1.

A prospective study of physician-observed concussions during junior ice hockey: implications for incidence rates.

Object: The objective of this study was to measure the incidence of concussion (scaled relative to number of athlete exposures) and recurrent concussion within 2 teams of fourth-tier junior ice hockey players (16-21 years old) during 1 regular season.

Methods: A prospective cohort study called the Hockey Concussion Education Project was conducted during 1 junior ice hockey regular season (2009-2010) involving 67 male fourth-tier ice hockey players (mean age 18.2 ± 1.

The effect of three different levels of footwear stability on pain outcomes in women runners: a randomised control trial.

Background: The present study examines the injury status in women runners who are randomised to receive a neutral, stability or motion control running shoe.

Methods: 81 female runners were categorised into three different foot posture types (39 neutral, 30 pronated, 12 highly pronated) and randomly assigned a neutral, stability or motion control running shoe. Runners underwent baseline testing to record training history, as well as leg alignment, before commencing a 13-week half marathon training programme.

The potential role of prophylactic/functional knee bracing in preventing knee ligament injury.

It is estimated that knee injuries account for up to 60% of all sport injuries, with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) accounting for almost half of these knee injuries. These knee injuries can result in high healthcare costs, as an ACL injury is often associated with surgery, long and costly rehabilitation, differing degrees of impairment and potential long-term consequences such as osteoarthritis. The interest in ACL injury prevention has been extensive for the past decade.

Effects of Multi-modal Physiotherapy, Including Hip Abductor Strengthening, in Patients with Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to quantitatively examine hip abductor strength in patients presenting with iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) and to determine whether a multi-modal physiotherapy approach, including hip abductor strengthening, might play a role in recovery.

Method: Our observational, pretest-posttest study is one of the first prospective studies in this area. Patients presenting to physiotherapy with unilateral ITBFS were recruited to participate.

Sonographically guided intratendinous injection of hyperosmolar dextrose to treat chronic tendinosis of the Achilles tendon: a pilot study.

Objective: Chronic tendinosis of the Achilles tendon is a common overuse injury that is difficult to manage. We report on a new injection treatment for this condition.

Subjects And Methods: Thirty-six consecutive patients (25 men, 11 women; mean age, 52.

The physiology of rock climbing.

In general, elite climbers have been characterised as small in stature, with low percentage body fat and body mass. Currently, there are mixed conclusions surrounding body mass and composition, potentially because of variable subject ability, method of assessment and calculation. Muscular strength and endurance in rock climbers have been primarily measured on the forearm, hand and fingers via dynamometry.

Tarsal navicular stress injury: long-term outcome and clinicoradiological correlation using both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Tarsal navicular stress fracture is a condition that has curtailed many athletic careers. Management protocols remain varied and somewhat controversial.

Hypotheses: (1) Clinical practice does not mirror the recommendations reported from previous case series.

A comparison of inspiratory muscle fatigue following maximal exercise in moderately trained males and females.

Exercise-induced inspiratory muscle fatigue (IMF) has been reported in males but there are few reports of IMF in females. It is not known if a gender difference exists for inspiratory muscle strength following heavy exercise, as is reported in locomotor muscles. Therefore, the relationship between fatigue and subsequent recovery of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) following exercise to maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was examined in a group of moderately trained males and females.

Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia is not different during cycling and running in triathletes.

This study examined the effect of running and cycling on exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) in individuals well trained in each modality. Thirteen male triathletes (X+/-SD: age=36+/-5 years, mass=69+/-8 kg, body fat=12+/-1%) performed progressive exercise to exhaustion during cycle ergometry and treadmill running. Gas exchange was determined, while oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO(2)) was measured with an ear oximeter.

Effects of intermittent exposure to hyperbaric oxygen for the treatment of an acute soft tissue injury.

Objective: To assess the hypothesis that subjects exposed to intermittent hyperbaric oxygen treatments would recover from signs and symptoms indicative of delayed-onset muscle soreness faster than subjects exposed to normoxic air.

Design: Randomized, double-blinded study with a 4-day treatment protocol.

Setting: University-based sports medicine clinic.