The Association of Anti-Sm with Osteopontin Related to Cognitive Impairment in a Pristane-Induced Lupus BALB/c Mice Model.

The BALB/c model of pristane-induced lupus (PIL) exhibits cognitive impairment features resembling neuropsychiatric lupus (NPLSE). Osteopontin (OPN) is associated with disease activity in SLE; however, its involvement in NPLSE is not yet entirely determined. Our study aims to elucidate the contribution of full-length OPN (OPN-FL) plasma expression, OPN N-half, and to cognitive impairment in the PIL mice model.

An extract of improves short-term memory in rats with experimental diabetic hyperglycemia.

Background: Calyxes of (Hs) contain anthocyanins, that normalize blood glucose levels (BGL) in diabetic patients. Diabetes also causes memory alterations, which could hypothetically decrease with the consumption of Hs.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with a Hs extract on working memory and BGL in rats.

The Phytoestrogenic Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Involves Estrogen Receptor α in Ovariectomized Wistar Rats.

The calyxes of Hibiscus sabdariffa present multiple pharmacological effects primarily attributed to their high anthocyanin content; however, little is known about their phytoestrogenic effect. Ovarian hypofunction (OH) is a process characterized by the rapid detention of the production of ovarian hormones, which compromises reproductive and cognitive functions. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) efficiently compensates for OH; nevertheless, questions have been raised on its secondary effects and safety.

Fish oil and probiotics supplementation through milk chocolate improves spatial learning and memory in male Wistar rats.

Background: Cognition and brain function is critical through childhood and should be improved with balanced diets. Incorporating bioactive ingredients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) and probiotics into food formulations could be used as an approach to improve cognitive function. This study evaluated the effects on cognitive capacity of complementing rodent diets with chocolate, by itself and in combination with ω3 PUFAs from fish oil and probiotics.

Effect of consumption of blue maize tortilla on anxiety-like behaviour, learning, memory and hippocampal BDNF expression in a chronic stress model in rats.

Background: Pigmented maize consumption is of much interest because of its high anthocyanin content and multiple health benefits.

Objetives: This study was aimed to assess the effect of consuming blue maize tortillas on the anxiolytic capacity, preserve emotional memory, and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rats subjected to chronic stress.

Methods: Sixty-four 3-month-old male Wistar rats were used, divided into eight groups ( = 8).

Effects of calyces on spatial memory and hippocampal expression of BDNF in ovariectomized rats.

Ovarian hypofunction is characterized by decay in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin associated with cognitive and memory function. Hormone replacement therapy is the most common treatment to counteract the negative effects of ovarian insufficiency; however, this therapy may increase the odds of endometrial cancer, blood clots, stroke, and breast cancer. Therefore, a safer alternative to synthetic estrogens is needed.

GABAergic system's Injuries Induced by Sodium Sulfite in Caenorhabditis elegans Were Prevented by the Anti-Oxidative Properties of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate.

Several pathophysiological processes involve Hypoxia conditions, where the nervous system is affected as well. We postulate that the GABAergic system is especially sensitive. Furthermore, drugs improving the resistance to hypoxia have been investigated, such as the neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) which has shown beneficial effects in hypoxic processes in mammals; however, at the cellular level, its exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated.

Downregulation of hippocampal NR2A/2B subunits related to cognitive impairment in a pristane-induced lupus BALB/c mice.

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is associated with learning and memory deficit. Murine model of lupus induced by pristane in BALB/c mice is an experimental model that resembles some clinical and immunological SLE pathogenesis. Nevertheless, there is no experimental evidence that relates this model to cognitive dysfunction associated with NR2A/2B relative expression.

Dietary Curcumin Prevented Astrocytosis, Microgliosis, and Apoptosis Caused by Acute and Chronic Exposure to Ozone.

Ozone is the most oxidant tropospheric pollutant gas, causing damage through the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Reactive species induce the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation leading to neuroinflammation characterized by astrocytosis, microgliosis, and apoptotic cell death. There is interest in evaluating the pharmacological activity of natural antioxidants to confer neuroprotection against the damage caused by ozone in highly polluted cities.

Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds in Mexican Lupin Beans Species: A Mini-Review.

As a source of bioactive compounds, species of the genus are interesting legumes from a nutritional point of view. Although wild species are abundant and represent a potential source of nutrients and biologically active compounds, most research has focused on domesticated and semi-domesticated species, such as , , , and . Therefore, in this review, we focus on recent research conducted on the wild species of Mexico.

Identification of brain areas sensitive to the toxic effects of sparteine.

Sparteine is one of the most toxic quinolizidine alkaloids found in leguminous plants. Several studies have demonstrated that sparteine affects the nervous system, blocking the nervous ganglion, producing antimuscarinic effects, depressing the central nervous system and causing neuronal necrosis. However, there are no reports identifying the areas of the brain that are sensitive to the toxic effects of this alkaloid.

Diagnosis and prevalence of Theileria equi horses in western Mexico by nested PCR.

Theileria equi infection prevalence was calculated from 1000 blood samples obtained from apparently healthy horses in western Mexico. Samples were sent to the Animal Biotechnology Laboratory of the University of Guadalajara (Mexico) for T. equi diagnosis.

Tamoxifen Promotes Axonal Preservation and Gait Locomotion Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Cats.

We performed experiments in cats with a spinal cord penetrating hemisection at T13-L1 level, with and without tamoxifen treatment. The results showed that the numbers of the ipsilateral and contralateral ventral horn neurons were reduced to less than half in the nontreated animals compared with the treated ones. Also, axons myelin sheet was preserved to almost normal values in treated cats.

Aberrant gastrocnemius muscle innervation by tibial nerve afferents after implantation of chitosan tubes impregnated with progesterone favored locomotion recovery in rats with transected sciatic nerve.

Object: Transection of peripheral nerves produces loss of sensory and/or motor function. After complete nerve cutting, the distal and proximal segment ends retract, but if both ends are bridged with unaltered chitosan, progesterone-impregnated chitosan, or silicone tubes, an axonal repair process begins. Progesterone promotes nerve repair and has neuroprotective effects thwarting regulation of neuron survival, inflammation, and edema.

Flavonoid profile of Lupinus mexicanus germinated seed extract and evaluation of its neuroprotective effect.

The aim of this study was to determine the flavonoid profile of Lupinus mexicanus germinated seed extract (PE) and to evaluate its effect as a phytoestrogen on the morphometric parameters of CA3 hippocampal neurons of ovariectomized rats (OVX). L. mexicanus seeds, germinated for 48 h, were homogenized and macerated using an 80% ethanol solution.

A single dose of pirfenidone attenuates neuronal loss and reduces lipid peroxidation after kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity in the pubescent rat hippocampus.

Systemic administration of kainic acid (KA) in rodents triggers limbic seizures following selective neuronal loss in the hippocampus attributed to the excitotoxic process. Lipid peroxidation products, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, are produced by oxidative stress and are present on the hippocampus, which contribute to neuronal death in the KA excitotoxicity model. Several antioxidants are neuroprotective agents.

Increased vascular permeability in the circumventricular organs of adult rat brain due to stimulation by extremely low frequency magnetic fields.

It has been demonstrated that the exposure of biological systems to magnetic fields (MFs) can produce several beneficial effects: tissue recovery in chronic wounds, re-establishment of blood circulation after tissue ischemia or in necrotic tissues, improvement after epileptic episodes, angiogenesis, etc. In the current study, the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) MF on the capillaries of some circumventricular organs (CVOs) are demonstrated; a vasodilator effect is reported as well as an increase in their permeability to non-liposoluble substances. For this study, 96 Wistar male rats (250 g body mass) were used and divided into three groups of 32 rats each: a control group (no treatment); a sham ELF-MF group; and an experimental group subjected to ELF-MF (120 Hz harmonic waves and 0.