Patterns and Factors Associated with Dyslipidemia Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Attending Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda.

Background: Dyslipidemia in Sub-Saharan Africa has been on the disproportionate rise among diabetes patients across various contextual settings due to its patterns and associated factors. This study determined the patterns and factors associated with dyslipidemia among diabetes patients attending Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH).

Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at HRRH between October 2022 and January 2023, enrolled 375 adult diabetes patients consecutively from diabetic outpatient clinic.

Long-Term Physical Activity Mitigates Inflammaging Progression in Older Adults Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Inflammaging and physical performance were investigated in older adults before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Older women ( = 18) and men ( = 7) (mean age = 73.8 ± 7.

Unveiling the anti-inflammatory potential of 11β,13-dihydrolactucin for application in inflammatory bowel disease management.

Management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses significant challenges, and there is a need for innovative therapeutic approaches. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory properties of the dietary sesquiterpene lactone (SL) 11β,13-dihydrolactucin, which can be found in chicory, in three distinct complementary models of intestinal inflammation (two cell models and a zebrafish model), offering comprehensive insights into its potential application for IBD treatment alternatives. In a triple cell co-culture composed of Caco-2, HT29-MTX-E12, and Raji B, 11β,13-dihydrolactucin demonstrated remarkable anti-inflammatory activity at several levels of the cellular inflammatory response.

Contemporary Review of the Management and Treatment of Young Breast Cancer Patients.

Approximately 11% of all new breast cancer cases annually are diagnosed in young women, and this continues to be the leading cause of death in women age 20 to 49. Young, premenopausal breast cancer patients present with more advanced stages and with a higher proportion of aggressive subtypes such as triple negative and HER2-enriched tumors. Recently, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) lowered the age threshold to initiate screening mammograms to age 40 to aid in earlier detection.

Epicardial adipose tissue volume assessed by cardiac CT as a predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence following catheter ablation.

Introduction: In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), up to one third have recurrence after a first catheter ablation (CA). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been considered to be closely related to AF, with a potential role in its recurrence. We aimed to evaluate the association between the volume of EAT measured by cardiac computed tomography (CT) and AF recurrence after CA.

Latin American Consensus on the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is well known as a serious health problem worldwide, especially in low-income countries or those with limited resources, such as most countries in Latin America. International guidelines cannot always be applied to a population from a large region with specific conditions. This study established a Latin American guideline for care of patients with head and neck cancer and presented evidence of HNSCC management considering availability and oncologic benefit.

Cancer patterns in Arua district, Uganda: a hospital-based retrospective study.

Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality with over 19 million cases and 10 million deaths worldwide. Available data on cancer patterns in Uganda are through modelling of data from two population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) representing only about 10% of the cancer situation in Uganda. This study sought to determine the common types of cancer among adults and children in Arua District over a 5-year period (2017-2021).

Long-term health-related quality of life in head and neck cancer survivors: A large multinational study.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients suffer from a range of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) issues, but little is known about their long-term HRQoL. This study explored associations between treatment group and HRQoL at least 5 years' post-diagnosis in HNC survivors. In an international cross-sectional study, HNC survivors completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life core questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30) and its HNC module (EORTC-QLQ-H&N35).

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in the long-term care setting: assessment of aged adults and intervention for caregivers.

Unlabelled: Due to the progressive need for care, older adults with dementia are at risk of becoming institutionalized. Caregivers of these patients are tasked with the challenge of controlling behavioral and psychological symptoms without sufficient knowledge and are therefore at greater risk of developing physical and mental health problems. In this context, psychoeducational interventions can help greatly toward improving caregiver well-being.

Challenges in building radiotherapy capacity: A longitudinal study evaluating eight years of the Brazilian radiotherapy expansion plan.

Background: In 2012, the Brazilian government launched a radiotherapy (RT) expansion plan (PER-SUS) to install 100 linear accelerators. This study assesses the development of this program after eight years.

Methods: Official reports from the Ministry of Health (MoH) were reviewed.

Who cares for the carer? Codesigning a carer health and wellbeing clinic for older care partners of older people in Australia.

Introduction: Older carers or 'care partners' of older people experiencing care needs often provide essential support, at times while neglecting their own health and well-being. This is an increasingly frequent scenario due to both demographic changes and policy shifts towards ageing in place. Multiple community stakeholders within the care and support ecosystem hold valuable expertise about the needs of older care partners, and the programme and policy responses that may better support their health and well-being.

Association among inflammaging, body composition, physical activity, and physical function tests in physically active women.

Background: Inflammaging is a phenomenon that has been associated with the development and progression of sarcopenia and frailty syndrome. According to the literature, on the one side, the increase in body fat is associated with a systemic pro-inflammatory status, which consequently favors inflammaging, and on the other side, the regular practice of physical exercise can mitigate the development of this scenario. Therefore, here, we aimed to evaluate the association between inflammaging and physical factors, both body and functional, in a group of physically active older women.

Cholesteryl hemiazelate identified in CVD patients causes in vitro and in vivo inflammation.

Oxidation of PUFAs in LDLs trapped in the arterial intima plays a critical role in atherosclerosis. Though there have been many studies on the atherogenicity of oxidized derivatives of PUFA-esters of cholesterol, the effects of cholesteryl hemiesters (ChEs), the oxidation end products of these esters, have not been studied. Through lipidomics analyses, we identified and quantified two ChE types in the plasma of CVD patients and identified four ChE types in human endarterectomy specimens.

Cost-effectiveness of hypofractionated versus conventional fractionated radiotherapy for the treatment of men with early glottic cancer: a study in the Brazilian public and private health system.

Background: This study aims to evaluate whether hypofractionated radiotherapy (HYPOFRT) is a cost-effective strategy than conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) for early-stage glottic cancer (ESGC) in the Brazilian public and private health systems.

Methods: Adopting the perspective of the Brazilian public and private health system as the payer, a Markov model with a lifetime horizon was built to delineate the health states for a cohort of 65-year-old men after with ESGC treated with either HYPOFRT or CFRT. Probabilities of controlled disease, local failure, distant metastasis, and death and utilities scores were extracted from randomized clinical trials.

Disruptive and Truncating TP53 Mutations Are Associated with African-Ancestry and Worse Prognosis in Brazilian Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in lung tumors, but its prognostic role in admixed populations, such as Brazilians, remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency and clinicopathological impact of TP53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in Brazil.

Methods: We analyzed 446 NSCLC patients from Barretos Cancer Hospital.

Providing environmental enrichments can reduce subclinical spondylolisthesis prevalence without affecting performance in broiler chickens.

Environmental enrichment can increase the occurrence of natural behavior and improve leg health and other animal welfare outcomes in broiler chickens. This study aimed to assess the effects of three environmental enrichments, specifically hay bales, step platforms, and laser lights, on subclinical spondylolisthesis prevalence, productivity, behavior, and gait of broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Twenty-four hundred day-old male Ross® AP95 chicks from a commercial hatchery were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicate pens per treatment.

Serious Long-Term Effects of Head and Neck Cancer from the Survivors' Point of View.

The long-term problems of head and neck cancer survivors (HNCS) are not well known. In a cross-sectional international study aimed at exploring the long-term quality of life in this population, 1114 HNCS were asked to state their two most serious long-term effects. A clinician recorded the responses during face-to-face appointments.

Cost-effectiveness of stereotactic body radiotherapy versus conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of surgically ineligible stage I non-small cell lung cancer in the Brazilian public health system.

Background: The Brazilian public health system does not pay for the use of Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) due to its costs and the absence of cost-effectiveness analysis showing its benefit. The present study aims to evaluate whether the SBRT is a more cost-effective strategy than the conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) for surgically ineligible stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Brazilian public health system.

Methods: Adopting the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System (SUS) as the payer, a Markov model with a lifetime horizon was built to delineate the health states for a cohort of 75-years-old men with medically inoperable NSCLC after treatment with SBRT or CFRT.

: Cross-cultural adaptation of the content included in the iSupport program for caregivers of people who have dementia.

Objective: Examine the process of culturally adapting the content of the World Health Organization iSupport program for family caregivers of people living with dementia in Brazil.

Method: This is a multicenter and methodological study to cross-culturally adapt the iSupport program. Initially, the content of the iSupport program was translated into Brazilian Portuguese by professional translator trained in Psychology, with mastery of the original language of the content (English).

Fin ray branching is defined by TRAP osteolytic tubules in zebrafish.

The shaping of bone structures relies on various cell types and signaling pathways. Here, we use the zebrafish bifurcating fin rays during regeneration to investigate bone patterning. We found that the regenerating fin rays form via two mineralization fronts that undergo an osteoblast-dependent fusion/stitching until the branchpoint, and that bifurcation is not simply the splitting of one unit into two.

Understanding the Role, Quality of Life and Strategies Used by Older Carers of Older People to Maintain Their Own Health and Well-Being: A National Australian Survey.

Introduction: Carers play a critical role in supporting older people with health problems to remain living at home. This study aimed to understand the role and quality of life of older carers of older people and identify strategies used to manage their own health and well-being.

Methods: Older carers (aged ≥50 years) of older people (aged ≥65 years) in Australia participated in a cross-sectional survey focused on carer roles, self-rated health, information and activities used to maintain their carer role and health, barriers to accessing health care, and assessment of quality of life (QoL) using the Dementia Quality of Life Scale for Older Family Carers.

ERBB2 exon 20 insertions are rare in Brazilian non-small cell lung cancer.

ERBB2 exon 20 insertions may impact the clinical management of lung cancer patients. However, the frequency of ERBB2 exon 20 insertions in lung cancer patients in Brazil is scarce. Here, we analyzed 722 Brazilian non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from Barretos Cancer Hospital that were indicated to require routine lung cancer molecular testing.

EGFR Mutations and PD-L1 Expression in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Data From a Single Center in Brazil.

Background: Targeted and immunotherapies are currently moving toward early-stage settings for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Predictive biomarkers data are scarce in this scenario. We aimed to describe the frequency of EGFR mutations and PD-L1 expression levels in early-stage non-squamous patients with NSCLC from a large, single Brazilian oncology center.