Biofortification and Valorization of Celery byproducts Using Selenium and PGPB under Reduced Nitrogen Regimes.

Due to climate change and exacerbated population growth, the search for new sustainable strategies that allow for greater food productivity and that provide greater nutritional quality has become imperative. One strategy for addressing this problem is the combined use of fertilization with a reduced dose of nitrogen and biostimulants. Celery processing produces a large amount of waste with its concomitant pollution.

Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as Tools to Improve the Growth of Kohlrabi ( var. ) Plants in an Aquaponics System.

The use of nitrogen as a fertilizer can be highly risky when used excessively, and it is therefore necessary to find novel techniques to reduce its use. Aquaponics reduces the use of synthetic fertilizers and water, and the leaching of nitrate into the environment. One way to avoid problems due to a reduction in nitrogen availability could be the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).

Plant growth-promoting bacteria as affected by N availability as a suitable strategy to enhance the nutritional composition of lamb's lettuce affected by global warming.

Heat and nutritional stresses have a significantly effect on the accumulation of bioactive and other compounds harmful to human health, like nitrates, in green leafy vegetables like lamb's lettuce. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have shown to confer beneficial biochemical changes to various crops under different stresses. The hypothesis proposed here is that the combination of optimal N level (2.

Assessing optimal nitrate/ ammonium- ratios in baby-leaf lettuce to enhance the heat stress tolerance under elevated CO2 conditions.

In recent years, the interest on baby-leaf lettuce has grown steadily, because it is richer in bioactive compounds than other traditional vegetables. However, the quality of lettuce is being increasingly affected by climate change. It is very rare for a climatic effect to occur in isolation.

Heat-shock and methyl-jasmonate: The cultivar-specific responses of pepper plants.

Frequency, intensity and duration heat-related events have profound implications for future food supply through effects on plant growth and development. This concern needs effective and urgent mitigation tools. However, the effectiveness of potential solutions may decrease according to the specific cultivar response rather consider at specie level.

Enhancement of Bioactive Constituents in Fresh Cauliflower By-Products in Challenging Climate Conditions.

In order to mitigate the detrimental impact that climate change is having on plants, the study of new practices that allow for the reduction of such effects has become imperative. In addition, the revaluation of the promotion of healthy plant by-products has also markedly increased in importance in recent years. In this work, the modifications in biomass and some antioxidant compounds of cauliflower by-products treated with putrescine under extreme temperatures in two different CO scenarios (the control (400 ppm) and a high concentration of CO (1000 ppm)) were studied.

Effects triggered by foliar selenium application on growth, enzyme activities, mineral nutrients and carbohydrates in lettuce under an aquaculture system.

Se has beneficial effects on plants, through the stimulation of plant productivity, the reduction of abiotic stresses, and the improvement in N metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the foliar application of different concentrations of Se (0, 4, 8 and 16 μmol L) on lettuce plants grown in an aquaponics system (fish water) compared with a control (conventional soilless fertigation). The NO- concentration supplied by the fish water was 47% of the control solution.

Unraveling the nutritional and bioactive constituents in baby-leaf lettuce for challenging climate conditions.

The isolated effects of heat stress, fertilization and elevated CO on the content of several health-promoting compounds in plants have been quite studied. However, few studies have focused on two of these three factors together. This work provides information on how two different levels of CO, four different NO/NH ratios in the nutrient solution, and a short-term heat stress affect the biomass and nutritional quality of baby-leaf lettuce cv Derbi.

The Effect of Foliar Putrescine Application, Ammonium Exposure, and Heat Stress on Antioxidant Compounds in Cauliflower Waste.

This work has been focused on the study of how we can affect the short heat stress on the bioactive compounds content. Some recent investigations have observed that management of nitrogen fertilization can alleviate short-term heat effects on plants. Additionally, the short-term heat stress can be also ameliorated by using putrescine, a polyamine, due to its crucial role in the adaptation of plants to heat stress Therefore, different NO/NH ratios and a foliar putrescine treatment have been used in order to increase tolerance to thermal stress in order to take advantage of the more frequent and intense heat waves and make this crop more sustainable.

Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Exogenous Application of Putrescine on Heat Stress of Cauliflower: Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Mineral Concentration and Lipid Peroxidation.

This study examines the effect of the exogenous application of polyamine putrescine together with the application of different ratios of nitrate/ammonium (NO /NH ), on the physiology of cauliflower subjected to heat stress. The 50:50 NO /NH ratio was the best ratio against heat stress. As a result of the joint application of these compounds, a higher photosynthetic rate, a higher accumulation of both photosynthesis-related compounds and pigments, total proteins, and a change in the status of nutrients were obtained.

Merging Heat Stress Tolerance and Health-Promoting Properties: The Effects of Exogenous Arginine in Cauliflower ( var. L.).

In the last decades, cauliflower consumption has increased due to its observed beneficial effects on human health, especially on chronic diseases. Furthermore, the use of arginine has been shown to improve the heat stress tolerance of plants by increasing the polyamine content. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of the exogenous application of arginine on the physical and chemical quality parameters of cauliflower florets under heat stress.

Exogenous Salicylic Acid Modulates the Response to Combined Salinity-Temperature Stress in Pepper Plants ( L. var. Tamarin).

Growers in the cultivated areas where the climate change threatens the agricultural productivity and livelihoods are aware that the current constraints for good quality water are being worsened by heatwaves. We studied the combination of salinity (60 mM NaCl) and heat shock stress (43 °C) in pepper plants ( L. var.

Correlation between water stress and phenolic compounds of hydroSOStainable almonds.

Background: Water scarcity is currently affecting many areas of the world, reaching worrying levels in drought areas such as southern Spain. To cope with this issue, researchers in the agricultural sector have implemented deficit irrigation strategies intended to reduce water consumption by increasing fruit quality. Almond is among the most popular tree nuts worldwide and also the most nut cultivated in Spain.

How does water stress affect the low molecular weight phenolics of hydroSOStainable almonds?

Water scarcity is a threat for food production because, water, is more and more limited and force farmers to use new deficit irrigation (DI) strategies without affecting fruit yield and quality. No information exists on almond polyphenols and proanthocyanidins (PAs) produced under DI. The present work studied the effect of 2 regulated DI (RDI) and one sustained (SDI) on the low molecular weight phenolics together with the antioxidant activity (AA) in almonds.

Effects of Deficit Irrigation, Rootstock, and Roasting on the Contents of Fatty Acids, Phytoprostanes, and Phytofurans in Pistachio Kernels.

Pistachio ( L.) is a drought-tolerant species grown under the semiarid conditions of the Mediterranean basin. For this reason, it is essential to make an exhaustive quantification of yield and quality benefits of the kernels because the regulated deficit irrigation will allow significant water savings with a minimum impact on yield while improving kernel quality.

Phytoprostanes and Phytofurans-Oxidative Stress and Bioactive Compounds-in Almonds are Affected by Deficit Irrigation in Almond Trees.

Almonds have gained consumers' attention due to their health benefits (they are rich in bioactive compounds) and sensory properties. Nevertheless, information about phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) (new plant markers of oxidative stress and compounds with biological properties for human health) in almonds under deficit irrigation is scarce or does not exist. These compounds are plant oxylipins synthesized by the oxidation of α-linolenic acid (ALA).

Differential Effects of Aquaponic Production System on Melon ( L.) Fruit Quality.

We investigated the effect on melon fruits of "fish water" alone or in combination with a supplement of synthetic fertilizers in a nutrient solution or foliar application of Ca(NO). These treatments were compared with a traditional soilless system with synthetic fertilizers and no reuse of the nutrient solution. The results show that the treatments with recirculation of fish water and with the foliar supplement yielded fruits of greater weight and size but with reduced lightness and lower concentrations of proteins, NO, K, and total amino acids.

Functional and sensory properties of pistachio nuts as affected by cultivar.

Background: Modern agriculture allows farmers to choose among different cultivars of the same fruit to fulfill their agronomic needs and consumers' demands; however, there are only a few studies that describe and compare key functional and sensory properties of different pistachio cultivars. The main objective of this study was to compare eight pistachio cultivars by analyzing key functional properties (phenolic compounds, polymeric procyanidins, antioxidant activity, and inhibition of α-amylase and β-glucosidase), aromatic compounds with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and by examining their sensory properties with a trained panel.

Results: A combination of LC-PDA-MS-QTof (liquid chromatography photodiode array quadrupole time-off flight mass spectrometry) and electrospray ionization was used to determine two phenolic acids, nine flavonols, one anthocyanin, and three flavan-3-ols in pistachio cultivars, with a total concentration ranging from 500 to 6065 mg 100 g dry weight (dw).

Determination of microbiological contamination, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of natural plant hazelnut ( L.) pollen.

The aim of our study is to determine microbial contamination, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of 14 pollen samples of collected from different locations in Slovakia. Microbiological analysis was carried out in two steps: microbiological assays and studies of antibacterial activity of pollen extracts. The antimicrobial properties of pollen extracts were carried out with the disc-diffusion method.

Potential of Physalis peruviana calyces as a low-cost valuable resource of phytoprostanes and phenolic compounds.

Background: In Colombia, agro-industrial residues represent an enormous economic and environmental problem, which could be reduced if different techniques for the addition of value to such residues were implemented by this industrial sector. One of the fruits with the highest export rates is Physalis peruviana (goldenberry); however, this fruit is generally marketed without its calyx, generating a large amount of residues. To develop a strategy to add value to these residues, it is essential to know their chemical composition.

Diffuse light affects the contents of vitamin C, phenolic compounds and free amino acids in lettuce plants.

Enhancement of the diffuse solar radiation to which lettuce plants were exposed clearly affected the vitamin C content and the quantitative and qualitative patterns of phenolic compounds and free amino acids (AA) in the leaves. Although the enhanced level of diffuse light was detrimental to the contents of vitamin C and total phenolic compounds, lowering them by 10-46% and 8-11%, respectively, the content of di-caffeoyltartaric acid increased from 0.26 ± 0.

Effect of preharvest fruit bagging on fruit quality characteristics and incidence of fruit physiopathies in fully irrigated and water stressed pomegranate trees.

Background: This report studied the response of pomegranate fruit under full irrigation (FI) and water stress conditions to bagging with externally glossy, single-layer, cellulosic paper bags, open at the bottom, from the end of fruit thinning to harvest time.

Results: Bagging decreased fruit size and the maturity index, and increased antioxidant activity in FI conditions. Moreover, fruit bagging substantially reduced the incidence of peel sunburn in both irrigation conditions.

Influence of deficit irrigation and crop load on the yield and fruit quality in Wonderful and Mollar de Elche pomegranates.

Background: The working hypothesis of the present study was that, by proper simultaneous control of irrigation (hydroSOStainable products) and crop load (thinning), it is possible to promote the accumulation of bioactive compounds and improve fruit appearance (size and weight). The effects of (i) irrigation status [T0, 120% ETc (estimated crop evapotranspiration); T1, 60% ETc during fruit growth and ripening] and (ii) crop load (A0, no thinning; A1, thinning) on yield and fruit quality were evaluated in two pomegranate cultivars (Wonderful, Wond and Mollar de Elche, ME).

Results: Thinning was effective in increasing the size and weight of fruits.

Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase by Spanish extra virgin olive oils: The involvement of bioactive compounds other than oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol.

Despite the wide use of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) to combat several diseases, the antidiabetic and anti-cholinesterase activity of Spanish EVOO have not been assessed. In order to evaluate which compounds are responsible for these activities of five Spanish EVOOs, in addition to flavonoids, we investigated for the first time the effect of the contents of carotenoids, fatty acids (FAs), and phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) on four enzymes: α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase. The extracts of these five Spanish EVOOs were found to contain three flavones, three carotenoids, six FAs, and seven classes of PhytoPs.