Self-optimisation and model-based design of experiments for developing a C-H activation flow process.

A recently described C(sp)-H activation reaction to synthesise aziridines was used as a model reaction to demonstrate the methodology of developing a process model using model-based design of experiments (MBDoE) and self-optimisation approaches in flow. The two approaches are compared in terms of experimental efficiency. The self-optimisation approach required the least number of experiments to reach the specified objectives of cost and product yield, whereas the MBDoE approach enabled a rapid generation of a process model.

Continuous-Flow Synthesis and Derivatization of Aziridines through Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp(3) )-H Activation.

A continuous-flow synthesis of aziridines by palladium-catalyzed C(sp(3) )-H activation is described. The new flow reaction could be combined with an aziridine-ring-opening reaction to give highly functionalized aliphatic amines through a consecutive process. A predictive mechanistic model was developed and used to design the C-H activation flow process and illustrates an approach towards first-principles design based on novel catalytic reactions.

Identification of xylem occlusions occurring in cut clematis (Clematis L., fam. Ranunculaceae Juss.) stems during their vase life.

During the vase life of cut stems obstruction of xylem vessels occurs due to microbial growth, formation of tyloses, deposition of materials in the lumen of xylem vessels and the presence of air emboli in the vascular system. Such obstructions may restrict water uptake and its transport towards upwards thus lowering their ornamental value and longevity of cut flowers. Clematis is a very attractive plant material which may be used as cut flower in floral compositions.

An uncommon location of Meckel's diverticulum or small intestine duplication? Case report and literature review.

Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital abnormality of alimentary tract. The antimesenteric location is one of the cardinal attribiutes of this pathology. We report case which tries to verify this dogma.

[The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome--diagnostic criteria, management procedures].

The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is still a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problem. OHSS is associated with significant hypertrophy of the ovaries associated with the loss of the intravascular fluid to the third space which results in hypovolaemia, oliguria, electrolyte imbalance, and a rise in haematocrit. The endogenous OHSS is rare.

Skin reactivity to histamine and codeine in unselected 9-year-old children from Italy, Poland and Libya.

Background: Previous studies have shown that histamine skin reactivity (the dimensions of a skin wheal elicited by a prick with histamine 10 mg/ml) in unselected school children has increased in Italy during the past two decades and is higher in Italy than in Poland. Hence this variable can probably be influenced by a changing or different lifestyle. The aim of this study was to compare skin reactivity to histamine and codeine (a marker of histamine releasability from mast cells) in schoolchildren from countries with different lifestyles.