Determination of Biogenic Amine Level Variations upon Storage, in Chicken Breast Coated with Edible Protective Film.

A new chitosan-based protective film containing rosemarinic acid (0.282% /) has been elaborated. The film was formed from a water-oil emulsion system and applied to poultry meat samples using a dip-coating technique.

Unveiling the Multifaceted Problems Associated with Dysrhythmia.

Dysrhythmia is a term referring to the occurrence of spontaneous and repetitive changes in potentials with parameters deviating from those considered normal. The term refers to heart anomalies but has a broader meaning. Dysrhythmias may concern the heart, neurological system, digestive system, and sensory organs.

The Bioavailability of Drugs-The Current State of Knowledge.

Drug bioavailability is a crucial aspect of pharmacology, affecting the effectiveness of drug therapy. Understanding how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated in patients' bodies is essential to ensure proper and safe treatment. This publication aims to highlight the relevance of drug bioavailability research and its importance in therapy.

Inclisiran-Safety and Effectiveness of Small Interfering RNA in Inhibition of PCSK-9.

Dyslipidemia is listed among important cardiovascular disease risk factors. Treating lipid disorders is difficult, and achieving desirable levels of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) is essential in both the secondary and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. For many years, statins became the basis of lipid-lowering therapy.

Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Activators-Promising Therapeutic Option in the Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension.

Endogenous nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vascular relaxation plays a leading role in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and vascular systems and organs, such as the kidneys, brain, and liver. The mechanism of the intracellular action of NO in blood vessels involves the stimulation of the activity of the soluble cytosolic form of guanylyl cyclase (soluble guanylyl cyclase, sGC), increasing the level of cyclic 3'-5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in smooth muscle and subsequent vasodilation. In recent years, a new group of drugs, soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulators, has found its way into clinical practice.

Development and characterization of active packaging films based on chitosan, plasticizer, and quercetin for repassed oil storage.

Novel chitosan (Ch) films containing choline chloride and citric acid mixture as plasticizer (deep eutectic solvent, DES) and different amounts of quercetin (QUE) as antioxidant additive were prepared. Physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of the developed Ch/DES/QUE films were studied using FTIR, SEM, and AFM techniques. FTIR spectra revealed the possible interactions between all the components.

Nanoarchitectonics for Biodegradable Superabsorbent Based on Carboxymethyl Starch and Chitosan Cross-Linked with Vanillin.

Due to the growing demand for sustainable hygiene products (that will exhibit biodegradability and compostability properties), the challenge of developing a superabsorbent polymer that absorbs significant amounts of liquid has been raised so that it can be used in the hygiene sector in the future. The work covers the study of the swelling and dehydration kinetics of hydrogels formed by grafting polymerization of carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and chitosan (Ch). Vanillin (Van) was used as the crosslinking agent.

Functional Properties of Gelatin/Polyvinyl Alcohol Films Containing Black Cumin Cake Extract and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Produced via Casting Technique.

This study aimed to develop and characterize gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol (G/PVA) films loaded with black cumin cake extract (BCCE) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The BCCE was also applied for the green synthesis of ZnONPs with an average size of less than 100 nm. The active films were produced by a solvent-casting technique, and their physicochemical and antibacterial properties were investigated.

Overview of First-Line and Second-Line Pharmacotherapies for Osteoarthritis with Special Focus on Intra-Articular Treatment.

Osteoarthritis (OA) can be defined as the result of pathological processes of various etiologies leading to damage to the articular structures. Although the mechanism of degenerative changes has become better understood due to the plethora of biochemical and genetic studies, the drug that could stop the degenerative cascade is still unknown. All available forms of OA therapy are based on symptomatic treatment.

Concrete Strengthening by Introducing Polymer-Based Additives into the Cement Matrix-A Mini Review.

The modern types of concrete are a mixture of aggregates, cement, water and optional additives and admixtures. In particular, polymer additives seem to be a promising type of component that can significantly change concrete and mortar properties. Currently, the most popular polymer additives include superplasticizers, latexes and redispersible powders.

Antiepileptic Drug Tiagabine Does Not Directly Target Key Cardiac Ion Channels Kv11.1, Nav1.5 and Cav1.2.

Tiagabine is an antiepileptic drug used for the treatment of partial seizures in humans. Recently, this drug has been found useful in several non-epileptic conditions, including anxiety, chronic pain and sleep disorders. Since tachycardia-an impairment of cardiac rhythm due to cardiac ion channel dysfunction-is one of the most commonly reported non-neurological adverse effects of this drug, in the present paper we have undertaken pharmacological and numerical studies to assess a potential cardiovascular risk associated with the use of tiagabine.

Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide as Examples of the Youngest Class of Transmitters.

The year 2021 is the 100th anniversary of the confirmation of the neurotransmission phenomenon by Otto Loewi. Over the course of the hundred years, about 100 neurotransmitters belonging to many chemical groups have been discovered. In order to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the confirmation of neurotransmitters, we present an overview of the first two endogenous gaseous transmitters i.

Development and Characterization of Active Gelatin Films Loaded with Rapeseed Meal Extracts.

The use of industrial waste as a material for the development of natural innovative and active packaging is economically and environmentally appealing. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize active gelatin films incorporating rapeseed oil industry waste. Water (RM-WE) and methanolic (RM-MWE) extracts of rapeseed meal (RM) were used as active agents in film formulations.

Synthesis and Characterization Superabsorbent Polymers Made of Starch, Acrylic Acid, Acrylamide, Poly(Vinyl Alcohol), 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulfonic Acid.

Three polymers with excellent absorption properties were synthesized by graft polymerization: soluble starch-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl alcohol)/potato starch-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide), poly(vinyl alcohol)/potato starch-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid). Ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate were used as initiators, while '-methylenebisacrylamide was used as the crosslinking agent. The molecular structure of potato and soluble starch grafted by synthetic polymers was characterized by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

Paroxetine-Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action.

In the 21st century and especially during a pandemic, the diagnosis and treatment of depression is an essential part of the daily practice of many family doctors. It mainly affects patients in the age category 15-44 years, regardless of gender. Anxiety disorders are often diagnosed in children and adolescents.

The role of a deep eutectic solvent in changes of physicochemical and antioxidative properties of chitosan-based films.

In this work deep eutectic solvent (DES), based on the mixture of choline chloride and lactic acid, were suggested as chitosan films plasticizers. The molecular structure and properties of films obtained using chitosan, with different degree of deacetylation and 0-80 wt.% DES content (ω), were studied by means of FTIR spectroscopy, SEM and AFM microscopy (films' surface properties) together with optical characteristics, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E).

K11.1, Na1.5, and Ca1.2 Transporter Proteins as Antitarget for Drug Cardiotoxicity.

Safety assessment of pharmaceuticals is a rapidly developing area of pharmacy and medicine. The new advanced guidelines for testing the toxicity of compounds require specialized tools that provide information on the tested drug in a quick and reliable way. Ion channels represent the third-largest target.

Semi-Natural Superabsorbents Based on Starch-g-poly(acrylic acid): Modification, Synthesis and Application.

Biopolymer-based superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are being synthesized and investigated as a biodegradable alternative for an entirely synthetic SAPs, particularly those based on acrylic acid and its derivatives. This article focuses on the chemical modification of starch (S), and synthesis of new potentially biodegradable polymers using acrylic acid (AA) as side chain monomer and crosslinking mediator together with ,'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). The graft co-polymerization was initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) or potassium persulfate (KPS), leading to different reaction mechanisms.

A new way of solid-phase microextraction fibers preparation for selected antibiotic drug determination by HPLC-MS.

The polypyrrole (PPy) and polythiophene (PTh) solid phase microextraction (SPME) coatings were obtained with the use of the electropolymerisation and linear sweep voltammetry. Such fibers were modified by an ozone treatment in a gaseous phase in the concentration of 2.1 ± 0.

Fibers with polypyrrole and polythiophene phases for isolation and determination of adrenolytic drugs from human plasma by SPME-HPLC.

In this study, polypyrrole (PPy) and polythiophene (PTh) SPME coatings and their ability to extract selected adrenolytic drugs with different physico-chemical properties from standard solutions and human plasma samples were evaluated. In measurements metoprolol, oxprenolol, mexiletine, propranolol, and propaphenon were investigated. The main parameters such as extraction time, desorption conditions and pH influence were examined.

Determination of adrenolytic drugs by SPME-LC-MS.

Five adrenolytic drugs have been analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Samples were prepared by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using polypyrrole fibers coated on stainless steel support as an adsorbent for the drugs. Adsorption efficiencies were 95% and were close for all the drugs investigated.

Preparation and characterization of microporous fibers for sample preparation and LC-MS determination of drugs.

The aim of this study was the preparation of polypyrrole (PPy) fibers for solid phase microextraction (SPME). PPy coatings were obtained during the electrochemical polymerization process. The utility of various metal wires (Fe, Cu, Ag, Cu/Ag, kanthal and medical stainless steel) as a support for polymers was compared.