Magnitude of changes in muscle endurance in the Biering-Sorensen test and changes in balance in subjects with LBP treated with muscle energy techniques.

: Manual therapy is used as a conservative treatment for people with low back pain (LBP). The scale of the problem encourages the search for the most effective methods to assess of manual treatment. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate magnitude of changes in muscle endurance using the Biering-Sorensen test (BST) and to analyse balance in patients with LBP treated with ERS and FRS muscle energy techniques (MET).

Nordic walking with an integrated resistance shock absorber affects the femur strength and muscles torques in postmenopausal women.

Deterioration of the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system represents a significant problem during aging and intervention with a suitable load of physical activity may improve the quality of life. Nordic walking (NW) has become a popular and easily accessible form of activity, especially for older adults people around the world. Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of an Nordic walking training program with classic poles (NW) and with integrated resistance shock absorber (RSA) on bone mineral density and the peak torques of upper limb muscles and to compare the effects of both intervention programs.

Electromyographic assessment of muscle fatigue after the Biering-Sorensen test in subjects with low back pain who underwent the McKenzie treatment.

Purpose: Chronic low back pain is a common disorder affecting about 80% of the population, caused by a disorder in the muscular system. The main aim of this study was to assess muscle fatigue during the Biering-Sorensen Test in people with chronic low back pain who underwent the McKenzie treatment.

Methods: Tests were conducted on 19 men (mean age of 41.

Isokinetic and Isometric Assessment of the Knee Joint Extensors and Flexors of Professional Volleyball Players.

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the level of muscle strength by using isokinetic and isometric measurements-more specifically, the force ratio between the knee flexors and extensors (values of the torques).

Methods: An experimental group of elite volleyball players (n = 14) were compared to a control group (n = 14) of healthy non-athletes of comparable ages. Torque measurements were obtained under three concentric conditions (angular velocities of 60 °/s, 180 °/s, and 300 °/s) and one static condition by utilizing the Biodex System 3.

Muscle strength and inflammatory response to the training load in rowers.

Background: Regular exercise leads to changes in muscle metabolism. The consequence of this is the adaptation to higher training loads.The aim of this study was to evaluate biomechanical and biochemical parameters describing the functions of skeletal muscles in periods when changes in training forms were introduced.

A comparison of take-off dynamics during three different spikes, block and counter-movement jump in female volleyball players.

Background: The purpose of the study was to compare the take-off dynamics in counter-movement jump (CMJ), volleyball block and spikes.

Methods: Twelve professional female players, representing the highest volleyball league in Poland, participated in the laboratory tests. A force platform was used to record ground reaction force (GRF) during take-off phase in CMJ test, block from a run-up and spikes: front row attack, slide attack, back row attack.

Three point crutch gait from the perspective of biomechanics and kinesiology. State of knowledge and idea behind the research.

The study characterizes the idea behind the research project which consists in biomechanical and kinesiological analysis of three point crutch gait. The structure of the study is in part similar to an earlier publication of the authors [1], which discussed swing through gait. By defining the three point crutch gait and describing its general kinematic structure as well as synthetically analyzing the state of knowledge, the authors formulated the purpose of the study, the adopted research model - including the description of the modern and integrated measurement systems that were used and which consisted of: 2 AMTI force plates integrated into a measurement walkway, a set of 6 optoelectronic cameras of the BTS System as well as a multichannel kinesiological electromyography performed with the use of the NORAXON System.

[Swing-through gait from the perspective of biomechanics and kinesiology. Critical analysis of the current state of knowledge and the idea behind the research].

The study defines the idea behind the research project which analyzes the swing-through gait from the biomechanical and kinesiological perspective. In the preliminary phase, the authors performed a synthetic analysis of the state of knowledge, created a description of the general kinematic structure of the swing-through gait as a form of locomotion with the use of crutches, proposed definitions. The problem was described with the use of time characteristics of vertical and horizontal anterior-posterior as well as lateral components of ground reaction forces, measured from under the supporting limb and the crutches.