Hepatobiliary Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer in a Frail Patient and the Role of Immunohistochemistry and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): A Case Report.

Primary cholangiocarcinoma (malignancy of the bile ducts) is potentially a treatable malignancy via surgery. It presents with a derangement in the liver function blood test results, which results in raised bilirubin. It may also be accompanied by the complaint of itching of skin, dark urine, and light color stool.

Duodenal varices successfully treated with cyanoacrylate injection therapy.

Duodenal varices are a rare complication of portal hypertension secondary to liver cirrhosis. Compared to oesophageal varices, they bleed less often but are also more difficult to diagnose and treat. There is no established treatment for bleeding duodenal varices and different treatment strategies have been employed with variable results.

Synchronous primary oesophageal malignant melanoma and sigmoid adenocarcinoma.

The authors present a case of a gentleman in his 70s who was referred to the gastroenterology outpatient clinic with dysphagia. An oesophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed which showed a polypoidal black coloured mass in the oesophagus. Endoscopic biopsies confirmed malignant melanoma.

Leucocyte esterase reagent strips for the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a systematic review.

The reported incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is 7-30% per annum in cirrhotic patients. Timely diagnosis and treatment is crucial to reduce mortality owing to this infection. Recently, leucocyte esterase reagent strips have been tested in the diagnosis of infection in the ascitic fluid.

Pulmonary embolism after sclerotherapy treatment of bleeding varices.

We describe a case of pulmonary embolism after sclerosant injection for bleeding oesophageal varices. The patient was managed successfully with enoxaparin. Systemic embolization after sclerotherapy is rare and depends upon a number of factors including the amount of sclerosant agent used.