Role of Artificial Intelligence in MRI-Based Rectal Cancer Staging: A Systematic Review.

Several studies explored the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based rectal cancer (RC) staging, but a comprehensive evaluation remains lacking. This systematic review aims to review the performance of AI models in MRI-based RC staging. PubMed and Embase were searched from the inception of the database till October 2024 without any language and year restrictions.

Giant Gastric Trichobezoar: Unveiling the Complexity of a 14-Year-Old's Abdominal Pain.

Trichobezoars are accumulations of undigested hair. Usually, this disorder follows a psychiatric etiology; however, sometimes a nonpsychiatric etiology, such as pica, can also be suspected. Rapunzel syndrome is a rare type of trichobezoar in which the hair is usually confined to the stomach and small intestine.

Expression of mastitis causing fibrinogen binding protein of gram positive bacteria in genetically engineered switchgrass and antibodies production in mice.

The current study is the first comprehensive report on the expression of fibrinogen binding protein (FIB) antigen in the genetically engineered switchgrass. Mammary tissue inflammation is one of the major infectious diseases caused by in the dairy animals. The aim of the present study is to develop an efficient and economical bioengineered immunogen for controlling mastitis in developing countries.

Addition of new flammulina species via DNA, molecular characterization and phylogenetic investigation.

Flammulina was found frequently distributed in the District Mansehra during the present research work. The genus was ignored and not studied for prevalence previously, as F. velutipes was the exclusively reported species from the research vicinity.

Developmental exposure of antibiotics shortens life span and induces teratogenicity in .

Antibiotics are the major therapeutic arsenal against bacterial infections. Yet, beneath this medical triumph lies an under investigated challenge of the potential teratological and toxicological impacts associated with the use of antibiotics. In the present study, we have explored the teratogenic potential of five commonly used antibiotics (streptomycin, metronidazole, tigecycline, doxycycline and norfloxacin) on Oregon-R strain.

Synthesis and characterization of Lanthanum Oxide nanoparticles using Citrus aurantium and their effects on Citrus limon Germination and Callogenesis.

The plant extract-mediated method is eco-friendly, simple, safe, and low-cost, using biomolecules as a reducing agent to separate nanoparticles. Lanthanum (La) is a rare earth metal that positively affects plant growth and agriculture. Citrus limon is a leading citrus fruit with many varieties.

Recent advances in ionic thermoelectric systems and theoretical modelling.

Converting waste heat from solar radiation and industrial processes into useable electricity remains a challenge due to limitations of traditional thermoelectrics. Ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) materials offer a compelling alternative to traditional thermoelectrics due to their excellent ionic thermopower, low thermal conductivity, and abundant material options. This review categorizes i-TE materials into thermally diffusive and thermogalvanic types, with an emphasis on the former due to its superior thermopower.

Impact of NaCl stress on phytoconstituents and bioactivity of Matricaria chamomilla: a multi-analytical approach.

Matricaria chamomilla (Asteraceae), commonly known as chamomile can tolerate freezing temperatures and grows in many soil types. This plant is found on all continents and has significant medicinal value. There are more than 120 chemicals detected in chamomile flowers, with the majority found in the essential oil.

Visible light driven (VLD) reduced TiO nanocatalysts designed by inorganic and organic reducing agent-mediated solvothermal methods for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic applications.

This work presents a comparative study on the structural, optical and electrochemical characteristics of visible light driven (VLD) reduced titanium dioxide (TiO ) nanocatalysts synthesized inorganic and organic synthetic routes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Raman spectra and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analyses reflected anatase phase titania. Whereas, the quantitative EXAFS fit and XANES analysis revealed structural distortion due to the presence of oxygen and titanium vacancies with low valent Ti states in anatase lattices of certain nanocatalysts, which subsequently leads to better electrochemical and photocatalytic activities.

Inhibitory effect of polyphenols from sumac, pomegranate and Indian almond on urease producing bacteria and jack bean urease activity.

Urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella, Proteus and Streptococcus is a urease dependent process, hence treatment of these infections by antibacterial compounds lies in inhibition of their virulence factors. The crude methanolic extracts derived from sumac fruit, pomegranate peel and Indian almond leaves were separated into anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin fractions using solid phase cartridges. The inhibitory effect of these fractions was determined on the growth of urease producing species and jack bean urease activity.

Nanozyme-based sensing of dopamine using cobalt-doped hydroxyapatite nanocomposite from waste bones.

Dopamine is one of the most important neurotransmitters and plays a crucial role in various neurological, renal, and cardiovascular systems. However, the abnormal levels of dopamine mainly point to Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), owing to its catalytic nature, nanoporous structure, easy synthesis, and biocompatibility, is a promising matrix material.

Molecular basis for the increased activity of ZMS-2 serine protease in the presence of metal ions and hydrogen peroxide.

Serine proteases are important enzymes widely used in commercial products and industry. Recently, we identified a new serine protease from the desert bacterium Bacillus subtilis ZMS-2 that showed enhanced activity in the presence of Zn, Ag, or HO. However, the molecular basis underlying this interesting property is unknown.

Bone morphogenetic protein 1: a prognostic indicator and potential biomarker in three cancer types.

Background: Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) is a metalloprotease that plays a role in activating both transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and BMP signaling pathways. TGF-β has been identified as a factor initiating and facilitating cancer development. Consequently, we propose the hypothesis that dysregulation of BMP1 could potentially contribute to the onset and advancement of human cancers.

Evaluation and In Vitro Study of an Electrospun Bone Tissue Membrane for Bone Regeneration: A Novel Perspective.

Objectives In the present study, electrospun bone tissue membrane (EBTM) was prepared using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), gelatin (gel), and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) by electrospinning method for its potential application in bone tissue regeneration. Materials and methods The prepared EBTM was evaluated using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX; Silicon Drift 2017, USA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical properties such as tensile strength (MPa), elongation at break (%), flexibility (%), and water absorption (%). In vitro bioactivity testing of EBTM using simulated body fluid (SBF) was performed after 14 days of immersion.

Cloning of maize chitinase 1 gene and its expression in genetically transformed rice to confer resistance against rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae.

Fungal pathogens are one of the major reasons for biotic stress on rice (Oryza sativa L.), causing severe productivity losses every year. Breeding for host resistance is a mainstay of rice disease management, but conventional development of commercial resistant varieties is often slow.

Characterization and Pilot-Scale Application of the ZMS-2 Serine Protease with Novel Properties for the Eco-friendly Leather Processing.

Microbial alkaline proteases are dominating the global enzyme market with a share of over 65% due to their multifarious catalytic potentials. Hence, production of proteases with novel properties of commercial significance is highly desirable to meet the global enzyme demand. Here, we report the purification, characterization, and pilot-scale application of a serine protease from the desert soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis ZMS-2 with novel properties as dehairing agent in leather processing.

Estimating antibiotics consumption in a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad using a WHO's defined daily dose methodology.

Background: Antibiotics have helped to reduce the incidence of common infectious diseases in all modern healthcare systems, but improper use of antibiotics including their overuse and misuse can change the bacteria so much that antibiotics don't work against them. In case of developing imposable selective pressure with regard to the proportion of hospitalized patients who receive antibiotics, the quantity of antibiotics that are prescribed to them, and the proportion of patients who receive antibiotic treatment is one of the major contributors to the rising global health issue of antimicrobial resistance. Concerning the levels of antibiotic consumption in Pakistani hospitals, there is negligible research data available.

Insight into a pure spinel CoO and boron, nitrogen, sulphur (BNS) tri-doped CoO-rGO nanocomposite for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction.

The intricate problems concerning energy require innovative solutions. Herein, we propose a smart composite nano system that can be used in a sustainable and dichotomous manner to resolve energy crises. The current study describes a new way to synthesize a pure spinel cobalt oxide (CoO) and boron (B), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) tri-doped CoO-reduced graphite oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (CBNS).

In vitro analysis of PI3K pathway activation genes for exploring novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in clear cell renal carcinoma.

Objectives: The regulation of various cellular functions such as growth, proliferation, metabolism, and angiogenesis, is dependent on the PI3K pathway. Recent evidence has indicated that kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) can be triggered by the deregulation of this pathway. The objective of this research was to investigate 25 genes associated with activation of the PI3K pathway in KIRC and control samples to identify four hub genes that might serve as novel molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for treating KIRC.

Characterization of ferroptosis driver gene signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC).

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), a prevalent malignant tumor with a low survival rate, is often accompanied by ferroptosis, which is a recently-described type ofprogrammed cell death. Investigating the significance of ferroptosis driver genes in HNSC, this study aimed to assess their diagnostic and prognostic values, as well as their impact on treatment and tumor immune function. The results of this investigation provide novel insight into using ferroptosis-related genes as molecular biomarkers as well as precise chemotherapeutic targets for the therapy of HNSC.

In-vitro evaluation of virulence markers and antifungal resistance of clinical Candida albicans strains isolated from Karachi, Pakistan.

Candidiasis is a significant fungal infection with high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. Candida albicans is the most dominant species responsible for causing different manifestations of candidiasis. Certain virulence traits as well as its resistance to antifungal drugs contribute to the pathogenesis of this yeast.

Hyaluronic acid/alginate-based biomimetic hydrogel membranes for accelerated diabetic wound repair.

The study aims to develop a new multifunctional biopolymer-based hydrogel membrane dressing by adopting a solvent casting method for the controlled release of cefotaxime sodium at the wound site. Sodium alginate enhances collagen production in the skin, which provides tensile strength to healing tissue. Moreover, the significance of extracellular molecules such as hyaluronic acid in the wound the healing cascade renders these biopolymers an essential ingredient for the fabrication of hydrogel membranes via physical crosslinking (hydrogen bonding).

Hermetic storage of okra seed maintains seed longevity under changing environment.

Okra seed is vulnerable to loss of germination and vigor in variable storage conditions. High seed moisture contents (SMC) accelerate seed deterioration during storage thus keeping low seed moisture contents by storing seed in hermetic bags may help to retain seed longevity. Okra seed was equilibrated to four initial moisture levels including 8,10, 12 and 14% SMC.