Malignant and in situ subtypes of melanoma are associated with basal and squamous cell carcinoma and its precancerous lesions.

Background: Patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) are at increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) and possibly precancerous lesions.

Objectives: To analyse the association between CMM and not only NMSCs but also precursor lesions, actinic keratosis (AK) and Bowen disease (BD).

Materials & Methods: The Finnish Cancer Registry data was used to calculate the age-standardized incidence ratio during 2000-2013 for basal (BCC) and squamous (SCC) cell carcinoma in patients with CMM.

Cervical Myelopathy Associated with Deep Neck Muscle Rhabdomyolysis after Polysubstance Abuse: A Case Report.

When used appropriately, buprenorphine and oxycodone are safe drugs. They are, however, widely abused in combination with other drugs. Here we describe a case series of 8 patients with cervical myelopathy and rhabdomyolysis of the adjacent deep neck muscles after using an opioid in combination with other drugs.

Neuropathological findings in possible normal pressure hydro-cephalus: A post-mortem study of 29 cases with lifelines.

There are very few detailed post-mortem studies on idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and there is a lack of proper neuropathological criteria for iNPH. This study aims to update the knowledge on the neuropathology of iNPH and to develop the neuropathological diagnostic criteria of iNPH. We evaluated the clinical lifelines and post-mortem findings of 29 patients with possible NPH.

High regional mortality due to malignant melanoma in Eastern Finland may be explained by the increase in aggressive melanoma types.

Background: A regional skin cancer prevention program in Eastern Finland revealed a relatively high age-standardized mortality due to malignant melanoma during 2013-2017. An explanation for this is needed.

Purpose: To analyse the 543 melanoma samples in 524 subjects collected during 2000-2013 at Kuopio University Hospital and reposited in the Biobank of Eastern Finland.

Lentivirus vector‑mediated genetic manipulation of oncogenic pathways induces tumor formation in rabbit brain.

Translation of promising experimental therapies from rodent models to clinical success has been complicated as the novel therapies often fail in clinical trials. Existing rodent glioma models generally do not allow for preclinical evaluation of the efficiency of novel therapies in combination with surgical resection. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a larger animal model utilizing lentivirus vector‑mediated oncogenic transformation in the rabbit brain.

Predicting Development of Alzheimer's Disease in Patients with Shunted Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients often develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) related brain pathology. Disease State Index (DSI) is a method to combine data from various sources for differential diagnosis and progression of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective: To apply DSI to predict clinical AD in shunted iNPH-patients in a defined population.

[11C]PIB PET Is Associated with the Brain Biopsy Amyloid-β Load in Subjects Examined for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is frequently associated with concomitant amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology.

Objective: To compare the [11C]PIB PET uptake in the patients with suspected iNPH to Aβ and hyperphosphorylated-tau (HPτ) in the right frontal cortical biopsy, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ, the response to a CSF shunt, and the final clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Patients (n = 21) from Kuopio NPH Registry (http://www.

Associations of intracranial pressure with brain biopsy, radiological findings, and shunt surgery outcome in patients with suspected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Background: It remains unclear how intracranial pressure (ICP) measures are associated with brain biopsies and radiological markers. Here, we aim to investigate associations between ICP and radiological findings, brain biopsies, and shunt surgery outcome in patients with suspected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

Method: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed data from 73 patients admitted with suspected iNPH to Kuopio University Hospital.

A Novel Loss-of-Function GRN Mutation p.(Tyr229*): Clinical and Neuropathological Features.

Mutations in the progranulin (GRN) gene represent about 5-10% of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We describe a proband with a novel GRN mutation c.687T>A, p.

Multimodal analysis to predict shunt surgery outcome of 284 patients with suspected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objectives: Optimal selection of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients for shunt surgery is challenging. Disease State Index (DSI) is a statistical method that merges multimodal data to assist clinical decision-making. It has previously been shown to be useful in predicting progression in mild cognitive impairment and differentiating Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia.

High Risk of Dementia in Ventricular Enlargement with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Related Symptoms1.

Background: Differential diagnosis of ventricular enlargement with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) related symptoms is challenging. Patients with enlarged ventricles often manifest cognitive deterioration but their long-term outcome is not well known.

Objectives: We aim to evaluate long-term cognitive outcome in patients with enlarged ventricles and clinically suspected NPH.

[Phenotype and incidence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Finland in 1997-2013].

Introduction: The incidence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in Finland in 1974-1989 was reported to be 0.6/1 000 000. Our aim was to compare the current incidence of CJD in Finland with the earlier incidence and also study the diagnostics of the disease.

Amyloid-β and Tau Dynamics in Human Brain Interstitial Fluid in Patients with Suspected Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ1 - 42), total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau181) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are the most promising biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Still, little is known about the dynamics of these molecules in the living brain. In a transgenic mouse brain, soluble Aβ decreases with increasing age and advanced Aβ pathology as seen similarly in CSF.

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker and brain biopsy findings in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Background: The significance of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and neuroinflammation in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown.

Objective: To investigate the role of soluble APP (sAPP) and amyloid beta (Aβ) isoforms, proinflammatory cytokines, and biomarkers of neuronal damage in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in relation to brain biopsy Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau (HPτ) findings.

Methods: The study population comprised 102 patients with possible NPH with cortical brain biopsies, ventricular and lumbar CSF samples, and DNA available.

Prospective flutemetamol positron emission tomography and histopathology in normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Unlabelled: BACKGOUND/OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of association between uptake of the amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent [(18)F]flutemetamol and the level of amyloid-β measured by immunohistochemical and histochemical staining in a frontal cortical region biopsy site.

Methods: Seventeen patients with probable normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) underwent prospective [(18)F]flutemetamol PET and subsequent frontal cortical brain biopsy during ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Tissue amyloid-β was evaluated using the monoclonal antibody 4G8, thioflavin S and Bielschowsky silver stain.

Poor cognitive outcome in shunt-responsive idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) causes cognitive decline that can be alleviated by shunting, but long-term outcome studies are scarce.

Objective: To elucidate the long-term cognitive condition of shunt-responsive iNPH patients.

Methods: The follow-up data (Kuopio University Hospital NPH Registry) of 146 patients diagnosed with iNPH by clinical and radiological examination, 24-hour intraventricular pressure monitoring, frontal cortical biopsy, and response to the shunt were analyzed for signs of dementia.

APOE4 predicts amyloid-β in cortical brain biopsy but not idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objective: To investigate the association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, especially the APOE4 allele, to (1) idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and (2) amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in cortical brain biopsies of presumed NPH patients with and without a final clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: 202 patients with presumed NPH were evaluated by intraventricular pressure monitoring and frontal cortical biopsy immunostained against Aβ (134 semiquantified by Aβ plaques/mm2). The 202 patients and 687 cognitively healthy individuals were genotyped for APOE.

Fatal neonatal lactic acidosis caused by a novel de novo mitochondrial G7453A tRNA-Serine ((UCN)) mutation.

Introduction: Heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are an important cause of childhood disorders, but the role of homoplasmic mtDNA mutations in severe neonatal manifestations is not well understood.

Methods: The following were performed: full mtDNA sequencing for mutation detection, blue-native protein analysis of autopsy-derived tissues to detect respiratory chain (RC) deficiency, light and electron microscopy for morphologic analysis, and northern blot and computational modeling to study the effect of mtDNA mutations on transfer RNA (tRNA) stability.

Results: We describe data from a patient with fatal neonatal lactic acidosis caused by a novel homoplasmic mutation at a highly conserved nucleotide G7453A within the tRNA(Ser (UCN)) in mtDNA.

Cortical brain biopsy in long-term prognostication of 468 patients with possible normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) can be alleviated by cerebrospinal fluid shunting but the differential diagnosis and patient selection are challenging. Intraventricular intracranial pressure monitoring as part of the diagnostic workup as well as shunting enable to obtain cortical brain biopsies to detect amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (HPτ), the hallmark lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In possible NPH, Aβ alone indicates an increased risk of AD and when present with HPτ probable AD, but the effect of those brain lesions on survival is not known.

Mast cell chymase is present in uterine cervical carcinoma and it detaches viable and growing cervical squamous carcinoma cells from substratum in vitro.

Increased numbers of mast cells is a typical feature of a variety of human cancers. The major mediators in the secretory granules of the MC(TC) type of mast cells, serine proteinases tryptase and chymase, may be involved in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lesions by inducing matrix remodeling and epithelial cell detachment. The objective of this study was to analyze immunohistochemically whether MC(TC) mast cells as well as protease inhibitors, squamous cell carcinoma antigens (SCCAs), are present in the uterine cervical SCC.

Amyloid and tau proteins in cortical brain biopsy and Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: Amyloid-β(Aβ) aggregates are presumed to be found in the brain at an early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but have seldom been assessed by brain biopsy during life in often elderly patients.

Methods: Between 1991 and 2006 we evaluated 468 patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus with intraventricular pressure monitoring and a right frontal cortical biopsy sample immunostained for Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau (HPτ). Adequate samples and the clinical follow-up data until death or the end of 2008, available in 433 cases, were reviewed for the clinical signs of dementia, including AD.

Cervical squamous carcinoma cells are resistant to the combined action of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and histamine whereas normal keratinocytes undergo cytolysis.

Background: Previous reports showed that mast cells can typically be found in the peritumoral stroma of cervix carcinomas as well as in many other cancers. Both histamine and TNF-alpha are potent preformed mast cell mediators and they can act simultaneously after release from mast cells. Thus, the effect of TNF-alpha and histamine on cervical carcinoma cell lines was studied.

Surgical specimen can be replaced by core samples in assessment of ER, PR and HER-2 for invasive breast cancer.

Objective: To compare 14-gauge SCNB (stereotactic core needle biopsy) with surgery and to investigate tissue-heterogeneity of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and human epidermal growth-factor receptor (HER-2) for nonpalpable breast cancers. To determine the number of cores needed for assessment of these factors.

Materials And Methods: Cores of 41 invasive cancers were collected in three containers: the 1st into A, the 2nd and 3rd into B and subsequent cores into C.