Glycemic control in women with GDM: insights from a randomized controlled pilot trial on plant-based Nordic healthy diet versus moderately carbohydrate restricted diet.

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) prevalence is rising worldwide, but optimal dietary strategies remain unclear. The eMOM pilot RCT compared a plant-protein rich Healthy Nordic Diet (HND) and a moderately carbohydrate restricted diet (MCRD) and their potential effects on time in glucose target range (≤ 7.8 mmol/L, %TIR), and on newborn body composition.

Tackling the challenge of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes across Europe: a joint action by more than 300 public health professionals. Commentary.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes pose significant health challenges in Europe, affecting millions and burdening healthcare systems. The recent EU4Health Programme places reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCD) at the forefront, through a Joint Action focused on CVD and diabetes (JACARDI, Joint Action on CARdiovascular diseases and DIabetes). This initiative unites 21 European countries, including Ukraine, and over 300 experts.

Physical activity in relation to metabolic health and obesity: The Feel4Diabetes study.

Aim: To examine physical activity levels in association with metabolic health and estimate the stability of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotypes over a 2-year period.

Methods: In total, 2848 men and women from families at risk of the development of diabetes were recruited. Participants were classified as obese or non-obese and metabolic health was defined using five existing definitions.

Dietary patterns - A scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.

Background: A dietary pattern can be defined as the quantities, proportions, variety, or combination of foods and drinks typically consumed. The dietary pattern approach aims to place emphasis on the total diet as a long-term health determinant, instead of focussing on separate foods and nutrients, which may interact or confound each other.

Aim: This scoping review describes the totality of evidence for the role of dietary patterns for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 (NNR2023).

Long-term cumulative incidence of clinically diagnosed retinopathy in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.

Context: Lifestyle intervention reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in people with impaired glucose tolerance.

Objective: To find out whether participation in the earlier lifestyle intervention had an effect on the occurrence of clinically diagnosed retinopathy during a median of 22 years of follow-up time.

Methods: The study included 505 individuals from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) (mean 55, range 40-64 years at the onset of the study) with impaired glucose tolerance who were originally randomized into the intervention (weight loss, healthy diet and physical activity (N=257) and usual care control groups (N=248).

Effectiveness of workplace choice architecture modification for healthy eating and daily physical activity.

Background: Modifying the choice architecture of behavioural contexts can facilitate health behaviour change, but existing evidence builds mostly on small-scale interventions limited in duration, targets, strategies, and settings. We evaluated the effectiveness of a one-year hybrid type 2 implementation-effectiveness trial aimed at promoting healthy eating and daily physical activity with subtle modifications to the choice architecture of heterogeneous worksites. The intervention was contextualised to and integrated into the routine operations of each worksite.

Associations of Lifestyle Patterns with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Finnish Adults at Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Scope: Various lifestyle and sociodemographic factors have been associated with risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, their combined associations with T2D risk factors have been studied much less.

Materials And Results: This study investigates cross-sectional associations of lifestyle patterns with T2D risk factors among 2925 adults at increased risk participating in the Stop Diabetes study.

Integrated care competencies and their association with cross-cultural competence among registered nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey.

Aim: To examine the association between the integrated care competencies and cross-cultural competence of registered nurses prior to the integration of social and healthcare services in Finland.

Design: A descriptive correlational cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted.

Methods: A simple random sample of 10,000 registered nurses was drawn from the Finnish Central Register of Valvira (National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health); 7000 of them were sent the online questionnaire, and a total of 1232 registered nurses participated in the study.

Registered nurses' perceptions of healthy lifestyle counselling for immigrants in primary healthcare: A focus group study.

Background: The use of primary healthcare and health promotion services is low among immigrants compared with native citizens. Immigrants are at risk of developing chronic diseases due to genetics, nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle. Registered nurses play an integral role in teaching, counselling for a healthy lifestyle and care coordination in primary healthcare.

Short-term effect of plant-based Nordic diet versus carbohydrate-restricted diet on glucose levels in gestational diabetes - the eMOM pilot study.

Background: The optimal nutritional treatment for gestational diabetes (GDM) is still a matter of debate. With increasing rates of GDM and potential negative consequences for the health of mother and child, the best treatment should be established. The Nordic diet with emphasis on plant-based protein show promising health outcomes in other populations but has yet to be investigated in GDM population.

Differences in Anthropometric Parameters of Children in Six European Countries.

Background: The databases of children's anthropometric parameters are often outdated, rarely representative and are not always available at an international level.

Objectives: To present children's anthropometric parameters in six European countries that contributed to the Feel4Diabetes project and find country-specific differences.

Design/setting: The Feel4Diabetes study was performed between 2016 and 2018, targeting children in Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Spain.

Associations Between Engagement with the BitHabit Digital Lifestyle Intervention and Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be prevented or delayed through a healthy lifestyle. Digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs) may offer cost-effective and scalable means to support lifestyle changes. This study investigated associations between user engagement with a habit-formation-based DBCI, the BitHabit app, and changes in T2D risk factors over 12 months in 963 participants at risk of T2D.

Eating behavior dimensions and 9-year weight loss maintenance: a sub-study of the Finnish Diabetes prevention study.

Background: Behavioral processes through which lifestyle interventions influence risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), e.g., body weight, are not well-understood.

Association of adiposity with morbidity in Finnish adults: A register-based follow-up study.

Aims: The aims of this study were to update risk estimates of obesity related co-morbidities and to provide evidence of the importance of obesity prevention to decision makers.

Methods: The study included 25- to 74-year-old participants (=22,977) of the National FINRISK Studies in 1997, 2002 and 2007. Body mass index was calculated from measured weight and height at baseline.

Reduction in the Risk of Peripheral Neuropathy and Lower Decrease in Kidney Function with Metformin, Linagliptin or Their Fixed-Dose Combination Compared to Placebo in Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare the effect of glucose-lowering drugs on peripheral nerve and kidney function in prediabetes.

Methods: Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 658 adults with prediabetes treated for 1 year with metformin, linagliptin, their combination or placebo. Endpoints are small fiber peripheral neuropathy (SFPN) risk estimated by foot electrochemical skin conductance (FESC < 70 μSiemens) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Programs-From Proof-of-Concept Trials to National Intervention and Beyond.

The prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in high-risk people with lifestyle interventions has been demonstrated by several randomized controlled trials. The intervention effect has sustained up to 20 years in post-trial monitoring of T2D incidence. In 2000, Finland launched the national T2D prevention plan.

Real-world effectiveness of digital and group-based lifestyle interventions as compared with usual care to reduce type 2 diabetes risk - A stop diabetes pragmatic randomised trial.

Background: No real-world randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have explored the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions based on multiple behaviour change theories and using combined digital and group-based face-to-face delivery to improve risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: We conducted a one-year, multi-centre, unblinded, pragmatic RCT in primary healthcare using the habit formation, self-determination, and self-regulation theories among 2907 adults aged 18-74 years at increased T2D risk randomised into a digital lifestyle intervention group (DIGI, = 967), a combined digital and group-based lifestyle intervention group (DIGI+GROUP, = 971), and a control group receiving usual care (CONTROL, = 969). We collected data on primary outcomes (diet quality by Healthy Diet Index [HDI], physical activity, body weight, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose) and secondary outcomes (sedentary time, waist circumference, fasting plasma insulin) using digital questionnaires, clinical examinations, fasting blood tests, and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests.

Do parental risk factors for type 2 diabetes predict offspring risk of overweight and obesity? The Feel4Diabetes study.

Objectives: The prevention of children being overweight/obese is of utmost importance. Parental characteristics play a pivotal role in shaping offspring weight status. This study aimed to examine associations between parental obesity and children's overweight/obesity status, and whether other parental type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors can predict children's obesity status.

Indolepropionic Acid, a Gut Bacteria-Produced Tryptophan Metabolite and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

An intricate relationship between gut microbiota, diet, and the human body has recently been extensively investigated. Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites, especially, tryptophan derivatives, modulate metabolic and immune functions in health and disease. One of the tryptophan derivatives, indolepropionic acid (IPA), is increasingly being studied as a marker for the onset and development of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Mode of treatments and achievement of treatment targets among type 2 diabetes patients with different comorbidities - a register-based retrospective cohort study in Finland.

Aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease often associated with comorbidities that complicate the management of T2D and affect the achievement of treatment targets. However, adherence to guidelines and individualized treatments can potentially improve treatment outcomes. This study assessed the association between different glucose lowering and lipid lowering medication lines and the achievement of treatment targets with different comorbidities among a T2D cohort in North Karelia, Finland (2011-12 to 2015-16).

Economic evaluation of using polygenic risk score to guide risk screening and interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in individuals with high overall baseline risk.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) with increasing prevalence is a significant global public health challenge. Obesity, unhealthy diet, and low physical activity are one of the major determinants of the rise in T2D prevalence. In addition, family history and genetic risk of diabetes also play a role in the process of developing T2D.