A surrogate FRAX model for Mongolia.

Unlabelled: A surrogate FRAX® model for Mongolia has been constructed using age- and sex-specific hip fracture rates for mainland China and age- and sex-specific mortality rates from Mongolia.

Introduction: FRAX models are frequently requested for countries with little or no data on the incidence of hip fracture. In such circumstances, the development of a surrogate FRAX model is recommended based on country-specific mortality data but using fracture data from a country, usually within the region, where fracture rates are considered to be representative of the index country.

Factors associated with vitamin D levels in Mongolian patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) onset is caused by genetic and environmental factors. Vitamin D has been identified as contributing environmental risk factor, with higher prevalence at latitudes further from the equator. Mongolia, at 45°N, has limited sunlight exposure, increasing the population's risk for vitamin D deficiency.

The Relationship Between Health Parameters, Body Size, Elements of Lifestyle, and Hand Grip Strength in a Group of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Aged 40-98, from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Decreased muscle strength and lower hand grip strength (HGS) values are observed in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to present the values of hand grip strength as a valuable tool in T2D treatment monitoring in the context of body size and lifestyle elements in 347 patients with type 2 diabetes from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed at hospitals in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Association of lower serum sclerostin levels with elevated risk for increased arterial stiffness: The JPOS Cohort Study.

Objectives: Studies on the relationship between serum sclerostin, a Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, and atherosclerosis have yielded inconsistent results. We aim to longitudinally investigate the relationship between serum sclerostin levels and the risk of increased arterial stiffness in Japanese community-dwelling women.

Methods: Of 1044 women aged ≥50 years whose brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) value was available in a baseline survey in 2011-2012, we excluded 374 whose baPWVs were ≥1800 cm/s, set as the cutoff for increased arterial stiffness, and eight with missing data.

Is 2D:4D digit ratio related to avowed religion? A study among Mongolian young males from Ulaanbaatar.

Background: The ratio of the second- (2D) to fourth (4D) digit lengths of hand (2D:4D) is a proxy marker of the relative testosterone and estrogen concentration during a relatively narrow period of fetal development that might affect behavioral and personality characteristics.

Aim: To estimate the differences in 2D:4D between different religious groups among a sample of young adult males in Mongolia.

Methods: Two hundred and sixty-five Mongolian male students with mean age of 20.

Multiple Sclerosis in Mongolia; the First Study Exploring Predictors of Disability and Depression in Mongolian MS Patients.

Mongolia is located at 45° north latitude in the center of the Asian continent, and about 80% of the territory is at 1000 m above sea level. Epidemiologically, multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been investigated in Mongolia, although there have been a few MS case reports. We investigated the characteristics of MS in Mongolia for the first time, focusing on the association between MS-related parameters and depression levels.

Awareness and Attitudes of Mongolian Adolescents and Youth toward Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-related Harm.

Background: This study aimed to examine alcohol consumption among Mongolian adolescents and youth, as well as their awareness and attitudes toward alcohol-related consequences.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data collected from students in secondary schools, colleges, and universities in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using descriptive analysis methods.

Findings: More than half of respondents had tried alcohol in the past, and 15.

Low bone mineral density is associated with an elevated risk of developing increased arterial stiffness: A 10-year follow-up of Japanese women from the Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis (JPOS) cohort study.

Objective: Only a few longitudinal studies have assessed the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and arteriosclerosis. This study aimed to determine whether low BMD at baseline is associated with the development of increased arterial stiffness, as evaluated by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), in Japanese women.

Methods: A baPWV value of ≥1800 cm/s was adopted as the criterion for increased arterial stiffness, i.

Fat mass is positively associated with bone mass acquisition in children with small or normal lean mass: A three-year follow-up study.

The independent impact of fat mass (FM) on bone health is difficult to assess, as FM is correlated with lean soft tissue mass (LSTM). In a previous cross-sectional study, FM was suggested to help promote high bone mass acquisition in adolescents with small LSTM. The present prospective cohort study investigated the effects of FM on bone in pubertal children after stratification by height-normalized index of LSTM (LSTMI).