Lingonberry (- L.) Skin Extract Prevents Weight Gain and Hyperglycemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Model of Obesity in Mice.

The percentage of obese people is increasing worldwide, causing versatile health problems. Obesity is connected to diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, which are preceded by a state called metabolic syndrome. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been reported to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

Analysis of sleep apnea research with a special focus on the use of positron emission tomography as a study tool.

The quality of sleep plays a significant role in determining human well-being, and studying sleep and sleep disorders using various methods can aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive and highly sensitive medical imaging technique that has been widely adopted in the clinic. This review article provides data on research activity related to sleep and sleep apnea and discusses the use of PET in investigating sleep apnea and other sleep disorders.

Prenatal and early life exposure to air pollution and the risk of severe lower respiratory tract infections during early childhood: the Espoo Cohort Study.

Background: There is inconsistent evidence of the effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in early childhood. We assessed the effects of individual-level prenatal and early life exposure to air pollutants on the risk of LRTIs in early life.

Methods: We studied 2568 members of the population-based Espoo Cohort Study born between 1984 and 1990 and living in 1991 in the City of Espoo, Finland.

Safety, Efficacy, and Biological Data of T-Cell-Enabling Oncolytic Adenovirus TILT-123 in Advanced Solid Cancers from the TUNIMO Monotherapy Phase I Trial.

Purpose: TILT-123 (igrelimogene litadenorepvec) is an oncolytic adenovirus armed with TNFa and IL2, designed to induce T-cell infiltration and cytotoxicity in solid tumors.

Patients And Methods: TUNIMO (NCT04695327) was a single-arm, multicenter phase I dose-escalation trial designed to assess the safety of TILT-123 in advanced solid cancers refractory to standard therapy. Patients received intravenous and intratumoral TILT-123.

Residential greenness during pregnancy and early life and development of asthma up to 27 years of age: The Espoo Cohort Study.

Previous studies have suggested that living close to green spaces has protective health effects, but potential effects on asthma are contradictory. We investigated the association between the amount of greenness in the residential area during pregnancy and early life and development of asthma in the first 27 years of life. The study population included all 2568 members of the Espoo Cohort Study, Finland.

Segmentation of Dynamic Total-Body [F]-FDG PET Images Using Unsupervised Clustering.

Clustering time activity curves of PET images have been used to separate clinically relevant areas of the brain or tumours. However, PET image segmentation in multiorgan level is much less studied due to the available total-body data being limited to animal studies. Now, the new PET scanners providing the opportunity to acquire total-body PET scans also from humans are becoming more common, which opens plenty of new clinically interesting opportunities.

Quantitative Perfusion Imaging with Total-Body PET.

Recently, PET systems with a long axial field of view have become the current state of the art. Total-body PET scanners enable unique possibilities for scientific research and clinical diagnostics, but this new technology also raises numerous challenges. A key advantage of total-body imaging is that having all the organs in the field of view allows studying biologic interaction of all organs simultaneously.

Effect of cold winters on the risk of new asthma: a case-crossover study in Finland.

Background: Cold weather increases respiratory symptoms and provokes exacerbations of asthma, but there are no previous studies on its role in the aetiology of asthma.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that a cold winter increases the risk of developing asthma during the following 1 to 2 years.

Methods: We conducted a case-crossover study of 315 newly diagnosed cases of asthma from the population-based Espoo Cohort Study from birth to the age of 27 years.

Gene expression signature predicts rate of type 1 diabetes progression.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a complex heterogenous autoimmune disease without therapeutic interventions available to prevent or reverse the disease. This study aimed to identify transcriptional changes associated with the disease progression in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Whole-blood samples were collected as part of the INNODIA study at baseline and 12 months after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Occupation and occurrence of respiratory infections among adults with newly diagnosed asthma.

Background: Work environments are potential areas for spreading respiratory infections. We hypothesized that certain occupations increase susceptibility to respiratory infections among adults with asthma. Our objective was to compare the occurrence of respiratory infections among different occupations in adults with newly diagnosed asthma.

Effects of occupational exposures on respiratory health in steel factory workers.

Background: The steel factory work environment contains various chemical exposures that can affect indoor air quality and have impact on respiratory health of the workers.

Aims: The objective of this study was to assess potential effects of occupational exposures in steel factory workers in Iran on the respiratory symptoms, occurrence and the lung function levels.

Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 133 men working in a steel factory forming the exposed group and 133 male office workers forming the reference group from a steel company in Iran.

Subtypes of Adult-Onset Asthma at the Time of Diagnosis: A Latent Class Analysis.

Introduction: Only a few previous studies have investigated the subtypes of adult-onset asthma. No previous study has assessed whether these subtypes are different between men and women, or whether these subtypes have different risk factors.

Methods: We applied latent class analyses to the Finnish Environment and Asthma Study population, including 520 new cases of adult-onset asthma.

Asthma and Respiratory Infections From Birth to Young Adulthood.

We applied data from a population-based prospective study, the Espoo Cohort Study (n = 2,568), to identify the potential susceptibility of persons with asthma to respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Information on the occurrence of asthma and both upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) was collected with a questionnaire at baseline and at the 6-year and 20-year follow-up studies, and from the Finnish national health registries. We estimated age- and sex-specific incidence rate differences (IRDs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by applying negative binomial regression.

Residential Exposure to Dampness Is Related to Reduced Level of Asthma Control among Adults.

We assessed potential relations between indicators of indoor dampness and mold exposures at home and the level of asthma control among adults. The present population-based cross-sectional study, the Northern Finnish Asthma Study (NoFAS), included 1995 adult subjects with bronchial asthma who replied to study questionnaires (response rate: 40.4%).

Do hospital workers experience a higher risk of respiratory symptoms and loss of lung function?

Background: Hospital work environment contains various biological and chemical exposures that can affect indoor air quality and have impact on respiratory health of the staff. The objective of this study was to investigate potential effects of occupational exposures on the risk of respiratory symptoms and lung function in hospital work, and to evaluate potential interaction between smoking and occupational exposures.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 228 staff members in a hospital and 228 employees of an office building as the reference group in Shiraz, Iran.

Subtypes of Asthma and Cold Weather-Related Respiratory Symptoms.

(1) Poor asthma control increases the occurrence of cold weather-related symptoms among adult asthmatics. We assessed whether the subtype of asthma, taking into account the severity of the asthma, plays a role in these symptoms. (2) We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 1995 adult asthmatics (response rate 40.

Worldwide prevalence of rhinitis in adults: A review of definitions and temporal evolution.

Introduction: Although rhinitis is among the most common diseases worldwide, rhinitis prevalence in the general adult population is unclear and definitions differ widely.

Objective: To summarize the literature on rhinitis prevalence in the general adult population and to assess: (1) the prevalence according to different rhinitis definitions overall and in different regions of the world, and (2) the evolution of rhinitis prevalence over time.

Methods: We conducted an extensive literature review of publications including rhinitis prevalence using Pubmed and Scopus databases up to October 2020.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, endocrine adverse events, and outcomes of melanoma.

Objective: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can cause endocrine adverse events. However, endocrine adverse events (AEs). However, endocrine AEs could be related to better treatment outcomes.

Different effects of smoking on atopic and non-atopic adult-onset asthma.

Background: Both tobacco smoking and atopy increase the risk of adult-onset asthma. We studied if there are differences in the effects of smoking on the risks of atopic and non-atopic adult-onset asthma, and if gender modifies these effects.

Methods: The Finnish Environment and Asthma Study (FEAS) includes 521 incident cases of adult-onset asthma and 932 population-based controls, aged 21 to 63 years, recruited from a geographically defined area of Pirkanmaa, South Finland.

Occupation and subcategories of asthma: a population-based incident case-control study.

Background: We hypothesised that occupational exposures differently affect subtypes of adult-onset asthma.

Objective: We investigated potential relations between occupation and three subtypes of adult asthma, namely atopic asthma, non-atopic asthma and asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS).

Methods: This is a population-based case-control study of incident asthma among working-age adults living in Pirkanmaa Hospital District in Southern Finland.