Sex estimation from humeral and femoral head diameters using CT-scans of living Finns.

This study used 155 computed tomography (CT) scans of Finns (81 males, 74 females) for creating population-specific sectioning points from femoral and humeral head diameters for the purposes of sex estimation. The study included four measurements: vertical and transverse diameter of the femoral head and vertical and transverse diameter of humeral head. All the measured dimensions were sexually dimorphic and the following sectioning points were calculated: Femur: vertical diameter 46.

Castellvi classification of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae: comparison between conventional radiography, CT, and MRI.

Background: The reliability and diagnostic accuracy of commonly used diagnostic imaging modalities in the classification of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are poorly known, and comparative studies are scarce.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of conventional radiography (CR), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in classifying LSTVs.

Material And Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 852 patients undergoing lumbar imaging studies using all three modalities were initially assessed for the presence of LSTV using CT scans.

Association Between Cumulative G-force Exposure and Cervical Spine Degenerative Changes.

Introduction: Fighter pilots work in a unique environment and are subject to high G-force loads under simultaneous head movements. Neck pain is reported to be a common health problem among fighter pilots leading to time lost flying and flight duty limitations. The present study aimed to find out if differences in early military flight career G-force exposure levels could increase the risk for degenerative changes in the cervical spine.

Expanding bullets and ballistic gelatin - A restricted expansion experiment.

Ballistic gelatin has gained a status as standard method for terminal ballistic testing and experimenting. Variation considering the recipe and manufacturing of the blocks exists. The golden standard has been a cuboid gelatin block, dimensions varying according to the type and kinetic energy of the ammunition.

Three-dimensional visualization of gunshot cavities in ballistic gelatine with computed tomography - A forensic ballistics case study.

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging, primarily computed tomography (CT), has proven valuable in the documentation and analysis of gunshot injuries. Explicit visualization of findings may play a pivotal role in judicial settings. This forensic ballistics case study aimed to examine the potential of CT-based 3D reconstruction to digitally visualize gunshot cavities in ballistic gelatine.

Musket ball injuries to the head - Experimental CT-study.

A smoothbore musket firing a round ball was the primary weapon of the infantry from the 16th to mid 19th century. Musket ball injuries are thus relatively common when archaeological remains of battlefield victims from that period are studied. Several experimental studies have focused on terminal ballistics of a musket ball.

Financial impact of incorporating deep learning reconstruction into magnetic resonance imaging routine.

Purpose: Artificial intelligence and deep learning solutions are increasingly utilized in healthcare and radiology. The number of studies addressing their enhancement of productivity and monetary impact is, however, still limited. Our hospital has faced a need to enhance MRI scanner throughput, and we investigate the utility of new commercial deep learning reconstruction (DLR) algorithm for this purpose.

Clinical Super-Resolution Computed Tomography of Bone Microstructure: Application in Musculoskeletal and Dental Imaging.

Purpose: Clinical cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices are limited to imaging features of half a millimeter in size and cannot quantify the tissue microstructure. We demonstrate a robust deep-learning method for enhancing clinical CT images, only requiring a limited set of easy-to-acquire training data.

Methods: Knee tissue from five cadavers and six total knee replacement patients, and 14 teeth from eight patients were scanned using laboratory CT as training data for the developed super-resolution (SR) technique.

Semiautomatic Assessment of Facet Tropism From Lumbar Spine MRI Using Deep Learning: A Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study.

Study Design: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, population-based study that automatically measured the facet joint (FJ) angles from T2-weighted axial magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) of the lumbar spine using deep learning (DL).

Objective: This work aimed to introduce a semiautomatic framework that measures the FJ angles using DL and study facet tropism (FT) in a large Finnish population-based cohort.

Summary Of Data: T2-weighted axial MRIs of the lumbar spine (L3/4 through L5/S1) for (n=1288) in the NFBC1966 Finnish population-based cohort were used for this study.

Assessment of articular cartilage of ankle joint in stable and unstable unilateral weber type-B/SER-type ankle fractures shortly after trauma using T2 relaxation time.

Background: Early detection of post-traumatic cartilage damage in the ankle joint in magnetic resonance images can be difficult due to disturbances to structures usually appearing over time.

Purpose: To study the articular cartilage of unilateral Weber type-B/SER-type ankle fractures shortly post-trauma using T2 relaxation time.

Material And Methods: Fifty one fractured ankles were gathered from consecutively screened patients, compiled initially for RCT studies, and treated at Oulu University Hospital and classified as stable ( = 28) and unstable fractures ( = 23) based on external-rotation stress test: medial clear space of ≥5 mm was interpreted as unstable.

Observing the fragmentation of two expanding bullet types and a full metal-jacketed bullet with computed tomography-a forensic ballistics case study.

Computed tomography (CT) may have a crucial role in the forensic documentation and analysis of firearm injuries. The aim of this forensic ballistics case study was to explore whether two types of expanding bullets and a full metal-jacketed bullet could be differentiated by inspecting bullet fragments and fragmentation pattern in CT. Three types of .

Association between vertebral cross-sectional area and lumbar disc displacement - a population-based study.

Purpose: Vertebral dimensions may constitute a potential risk factor for degenerative changes in the spine. Previous studies have found a positive association between vertebral height and both type 2 Modic changes and intervertebral disc height loss. Also, vertebral endplate size has been associated with disc degeneration.

The role of co-occurring insomnia and mental distress in the association between lumbar disc degeneration and low back pain related disability.

Background: Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is associated with low back pain (LBP). Although both insomnia and mental distress appear to influence the pain experience, their role in the association between LDD and LBP is uncertain. Our objective was to investigate the role of co-occurring insomnia and mental distress in the association between LDD and LBP-related disability.

Clinical Follow-Up without Radiographs Is Sufficient after Most Nonoperatively Treated Distal Radius Fractures in Children.

Distal forearm fractures are common in children and are usually treated nonoperatively. No consensus has been reached on how to perform clinical and radiographic follow-up of these fractures. Our aim was to study whether radiographic and clinical follow-up is justified.

External Validation of SpineNet, an Open-Source Deep Learning Model for Grading Lumbar Disk Degeneration MRI Features, Using the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Study Design: This is a retrospective observational study to externally validate a deep learning image classification model.

Objective: Deep learning models such as SpineNet offer the possibility of automating the process of disk degeneration (DD) classification from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). External validation is an essential step to their development.

The death of King Charles XII of Sweden revisited.

The death of King Charles XII of Sweden has remained as a mystery for more than three centuries. Was he assassinated by his own men or killed by the enemy fire? Charles was killed by a projectile perforating his skull from left to right. In this study, we utilized a Synbone ballistic skull phantom and modern radiological imaging to clarify the factors behind the observed head injuries.

Modic changes associated with greater pain relief following anesthetization of the adjacent lumbar intervertebral disc: A retrospective study of chronic low back pain patients.

Purpose: To assess the correlation between the degree of pain relief following discoblock and the presence and type of adjacent Modic changes (MC).

Method: We retrospectively analyzed chronic low back pain (LBP) patients whose pain was suspected to originate from a specific lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) based on a spine orthopedist's clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thus, patients were selected to undergo discoblock.

Retrograde intramedullary nailing of the radius in children: A pilot magnetic resonance imaging study of soft-tissue findings.

Purpose: Unstable forearm shaft fractures in children are preferably treated surgically using elastic stable intramedullary nails. The radius is nailed retrograde from the distal metaphysis. There is a risk of surgery-related soft-tissue complications during the operation.

Gravidity, parity and knee breadth at midlife: a population-based cohort study.

Gestation increases the biomechanical loading of lower extremities. Gestational loading may influence anthropometrics of articular surfaces in similar means as bone diaphyseal properties. This study aimed to investigate whether gravidity (i.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity is associated with knee breadth in middle-aged Finns - a population-based study.

Background: Articular surface size is traditionally considered to be a relatively stable trait throughout adulthood. Increased joint size reduces bone and cartilage tissue strains. Although physical activity (PA) has a clear association with diaphyseal morphology, the association between PA and articular surface size is yet to be confirmed.

Association of lumbar disc degeneration with low back pain in middle age in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Background: Although it has been suggested that lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is a significant risk factor for low back pain (LBP), its role remains uncertain. Our objective was to clarify the association between LDD and LBP and whether mental distress modifies the association.

Methods: Participants of a birth cohort underwent 1.

Detecting Patient Safety Errors by Characterizing Incidents Reported by Medical Imaging Staff.

The objectives of the study were to characterize events related to patient safety reported by medical imaging personnel in Finland in 2007-2017, the number and quality of reported injuries, the risk assessment, and the planned improvement of operations. The information was collected from a healthcare patient safety incident register system. The data contained information on the nature of the patient safety errors, harms and near-misses in medical imaging, the factors that lead to the events, the consequences for the patient, the level of risks, and future measures.

Correlation between the degree of pain relief following discoblock and short-term surgical disability outcome among patients with suspected discogenic low back pain.

Objectives: To evaluate how well the degree of pain relief after discoblock predicts the disability outcome of subsequent fusion or total disc replacement (TDR) surgery, based on short-term Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a set of patients who had undergone discoblock and subsequent fusion or TDR surgery of the same lumbar intervertebral disc due to suspected discogenic chronic LBP between 2011 and 2018. We calculated the degree of pain relief following discoblock (ΔNRS) and the changes in both absolute and percentual ODI scores (ΔODI and ΔODI%, respectively) following fusion or TDR surgery.

Two-center validation of the Oulu resorption score for bone flap resorption after autologous cranioplasty.

Objective: Autologous bone has been the gold standard of cranioplasty materials for decades. Unique to autologous cranioplasty, bone flap resorption is a poorly understood and unclearly defined complication. Even further, it has been unclear, whether the resorption process eventually stabilizes over time.