Intrinsic spherical smoothing method based on generalized Bézier curves and sparsity inducing penalization.

This study examines an intrinsic penalized smoothing method on the 2-sphere. We propose a method based on the spherical Bézier curves obtained using a generalized de Casteljau algorithm to provide a degree-based regularity constraint to the spherical smoothing problem. A smooth Bézier curve is found by minimizing the least squares criterion under the regularization constraint.

Intraband Spin-Dependent Recombination of Bound Holes in Silicon.

We generate paramagnetic centers on a heavily boron-doped Si(111) surface by using a scanning tunneling microscope and show that they mediate the spin-dependent recombination of the bound holes of the boron acceptor via direct visualization. This recombination is the intraband process and is significantly affected by the spin-orbit coupling effect. We also demonstrate that such a paramagnetic center with a boron acceptor at its neighbor site can be produced with atomic precision, which makes it a promising candidate for implementing position-controlled impurity qubits with an electrical readout mechanism in silicon.

Direct measurement of strain-driven Kekulé distortion in graphene and its electronic properties.

Kekulé distortion in graphene is a subject of extensive theoretical studies due to its non-trivial material properties. Yet, experimental observation of its formation mechanism and electronic structures is still elusive. Here, we used scanning tunneling microscopy to visualize two different phases of the Kekulé distortion in graphene along with experimental evidence that local strain is responsible for the formation of such distortions.

Variable Selection and Joint Estimation of Mean and Covariance Models with an Application to eQTL Data.

In genomic data analysis, it is commonplace that underlying regulatory relationship over multiple genes is hardly ascertained due to unknown genetic complexity and epigenetic regulations. In this paper, we consider a joint mean and constant covariance model (JMCCM) that elucidates conditional dependent structures of genes with controlling for potential genotype perturbations. To this end, the modified Cholesky decomposition is utilized to parametrize entries of a precision matrix.

Node-Structured Integrative Gaussian Graphical Model Guided by Pathway Information.

Up to date, many biological pathways related to cancer have been extensively applied thanks to outputs of burgeoning biomedical research. This leads to a new technical challenge of exploring and validating biological pathways that can characterize transcriptomic mechanisms across different disease subtypes. In pursuit of accommodating multiple studies, the joint Gaussian graphical model was previously proposed to incorporate nonzero edge effects.

Erratum to: Meta-analytic support vector machine for integrating multiple omics data.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13040-017-0126-8.].

Meta-analytic support vector machine for integrating multiple omics data.

Background: Of late, high-throughput microarray and sequencing data have been extensively used to monitor biomarkers and biological processes related to many diseases. Under this circumstance, the support vector machine (SVM) has been popularly used and been successful for gene selection in many applications. Despite surpassing benefits of the SVMs, single data analysis using small- and mid-size of data inevitably runs into the problem of low reproducibility and statistical power.

Switching the charge state of individual surface atoms at Si(111)-√3 × √3:B surfaces.

We show that each surface atom of heavily boron-doped, (111)-oriented silicon with a √3 × √3 reconstruction has electrically switchable two charge states due to the strong electron-lattice coupling at this surface. The structural and electronic properties of the two charge states as well as their energetics are uncovered by employing scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations, which reveals that one of the two is a two-electron bound state or surface bipolaron. We also execute the single-atom bit operations on individual surface atoms by controlling their charge states while demonstrating implementation of the atomic scale memory at a silicon surface with an unprecedented recording density.

Platelet anti-aggregation activities of compounds from Cinnamomum cassia.

Cinnamomum cassia is a well-known traditional medicine for improvement of blood circulation. An extract of this plant showed both platelet anti-aggregation and blood anti-coagulation effects in preliminary testing. Among the 13 compounds obtained from this plant, eugenol (2), amygdalactone (4), cinnamic alcohol (5), 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (7), 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde (8), and coniferaldehyde (9) showed 1.

Platelet anti-aggregatory and blood anti-coagulant effects of compounds isolated from Paeonia lactiflora and Paeonia suffruticosa.

The roots of two Paeoniaceae family members have long been used as traditional medicines in Korea, China, and Japan. Dry roots of Paeonia lactiflora and dry root bark of P. suffruticosa are used under the traditional names of Paeoniae Radix and Moutan Cortex, respectively.

Elevated plasma concentration of NO and cGMP may be responsible for the decreased platelet aggregation and platelet leukocyte conjugation in platelets hypo-responsive to catecholamines.

Impaired responsiveness to epinephrine and other catecholamines (CA) were previously reported in platelets of 20 approximately 30% healthy Japanese and Koreans. In the present study, the possible mechanisms of different responsiveness to CA in platelets of CA hypo-responders (CA-HY) and CA good-responders (CA-GR) were investigated. Increased platelet-leukocyte conjugate (PLC) formations were observed with whole blood of CA-GR than with that of CA-HY in both non-stimulated [mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values: 1.

Adsorption states of the self-assembly of NH(3) molecules on the Si(001) surface.

Adsorption states of the self-assembly of NH(3) molecules on the Si(001) surface are investigated using density-functional theory calculations. H-bond interactions between incoming and adsorbed NH(3) molecules produce a strong attractive potential field for the incoming molecules. Induced by the H bonds, physisorption states are formed on the adsorbed NH(3).

Interplay of hydrogen-bond and coordinate covalent-bond interactions in self-assembly of NH3 molecules on the Si(001) surface.

An exchange of hydrogen-bond and coordinate covalent-bond (dative-bond) interactions is found to play a critical role in the self-assembly of NH3 molecules on the Si(001) surface. An NH3 molecule in the height of approximately 3-10 A above the surface is attracted toward the preadsorbed NH2 moiety through the long-range H-bond interaction. Within approximately 3 A, the H-bond interaction becomes repulsive, and instead the dative bond with the buckled-down Si atom governs the adsorption process.

Extrinsic nature of point defects on the Si(001) surface: dissociated water molecules.

Point defects on a Si(001)-(2 x 1) surface were examined by scanning tunneling microscopy and ab initio pseudopotential calculations. The residual water molecules in the ultrahigh vacuum chamber are found to be the sole origin of the type-C defects. Most of the apparent dimer vacancies in the filled-state images were found to show a distinct U-shaped triple-dimer footprint in the empty-state images, which also originate from water adsorption.

Room-temperature growth of Mg on Si(111): stepwise versus continuous deposition.

Using low-energy electron diffraction and scanning tunnelling microscopy, we studied the formation of Mg silicide and metallic Mg islands on a Si(111)-7 × 7 surface at room temperature as a function of Mg coverage. We found that the mechanism by which Mg islands grew on the Si(111)-7 × 7 surface, and the morphology of the islands that formed, depended on whether the Mg deposition was performed in a stepwise or continuous manner. When Mg was deposited in a stepwise manner, with 1 h between deposition events, an amorphous Mg silicide overlayer formed on the Si(111)-7 × 7 surface during the initial stage of deposition (up to 2.

Structured polychotomous machine diagnosis of multiple cancer types using gene expression.

Motivation: The problem of class prediction has received a tremendous amount of attention in the literature recently. In the context of DNA microarrays, where the task is to classify and predict the diagnostic category of a sample on the basis of its gene expression profile, a problem of particular importance is the diagnosis of cancer type based on microarray data. One method of classification which has been very successful in cancer diagnosis is the support vector machine (SVM).

Two-dimensional carbon incorporation into Si(001): C amount and structure of Si(001)-c(4 x 4).

The C amount and the structure of the Si(001)-c(4 x 4) surface is studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and ab initio calculations. The c(4 x 4) phase is found to contain 1/8 monolayer C (1 C atom in each primitive unit cell). From the C amount and the symmetry of high-resolution STM images, it is inferred that the C atoms substitute the fourth-layer site below the dimer row.

Quantitative determination of amygdalin epimers from armeniacae semen by liquid chromatography.

D-amygdalin and its conversion product, neoamygdalin, were quantitatively analyzed on reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography with an optimized eluent of 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.1) containing 8.5% acetonitrile.

Facile fabrication of 2-dimensional arrays of sub-10 nm single crystalline Si nanopillars using nanoparticle masks.

A simple procedure for the fabrication of sub-10 nm scale Si nanopillars in a 2-D array using reactive ion etching with 8 nm Co nanoparticles as etch masks is demonstrated. The obtained Si nanopillars are single crystalline tapered pillar structures of 5 nm (top) x 8 nm (bottom) with a density of approximately 4 x 10(10) pillars cm(-2) on the substrate, similar to the density of Co nanoparticles distributed before the ion etching process. The uniform spatial distribution of the Si nanopillars can also be patterned into desired positions.

Initial stage of carbon incorporation into si(001) and one-dimensional ordering of embedded carbon.

We investigate the initial stage of the C incorporation into Si(001) using thermal dissociation of C2H2. The scanning tunneling microscopy shows that C-induced dimer vacancies (DVs) with depressed adjacent dimers are generated on the surface and aligned in the dimer direction, forming the 2xn structure. The ab initio pseudopotential calculations reveal that, with the presence of a DV in the surface, the alpha site in the fourth subsurface layer directly below the DV is the most favorable for the incorporated C atoms.