Implementation of a multidisciplinary clinical pathway for the management of postpartum hemorrhage: a retrospective study.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) episodes before and after the introduction of a clinical pathway known as the Severance Protocol to save postpartum bleeding through Expeditious care Delivery (SPEED).

Design: This study was designed as a retrospective analysis.

Setting: The study was conducted in a hospital implementing SPEED.

Patient safety in spine surgery: regarding the wrong-site surgery.

Patient safety regarding wrong site surgery has been one of the priority issues in surgical fields including that of spine care. Since the wrong-side surgery in the DM foot patient was reported on a public mass media in 1996, the wrong-site surgery issue has attracted wide public interest as regarding patient safety. Despite the many wrong-site surgery prevention campaigns in spine care such as the operate through your initial program by the Canadian Orthopaedic Association, the sign your site program by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeon, the sign, mark and X-ray program by the North American Spine Society, and the Universal Protocol program by the Joint Commission, the incidence of wrong-site surgery has not decreased.