Association Between Body Mass Index Changes and All-Cause Mortality in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Whether body weight changes are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) mortality remains uncertain.

Objective: To investigate the association between changes in body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality in patients with PD.

Methods: This nationwide cohort study enrolled 20,703 individuals with new-onset PD (ICD-10 code: G20 and a rare intractable disease registration code: V124) who underwent health screening program by the Korean National Health Insurance Service within two years from pre- and post-PD diagnosis.

Overground Gait Training With a Wearable Robot in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common developmental motor disorder in children. Robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) using a wearable robot can provide intensive overground walking experience.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of overground RAGT in children with CP using an untethered, torque-assisted, wearable exoskeletal robot.

Discovery of a de novo ITPR1 missense mutation in a patient with early-onset cerebellar ataxia: A rare case report of spinocerebellar ataxia 29.

Background: Spinocerebellar ataxia 29 (SCA29) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by early-onset ataxia, gross motor delay, and infantile hypotonia, and is primarily associated with variants in the ITPR1 gene. Cases of SCA29 in Asia are rarely reported, limiting our understanding of this disease.

Methods: A female Korean infant, demonstrating clinical features of SCA29, underwent evaluation and rehabilitation at our outpatient clinic from the age of 3 months to the current age of 4 years.

Training intensity of robot-assisted gait training in children with cerebral palsy.

Aim: We compared three different intensities of robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) for achieving favourable outcomes in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: This study was conducted using a randomized controlled, single-blind design. Thirty children (19 males and 11 females; mean age 6 years 1 month, SD 2 years) with CP classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II and III were assigned to three different RAGT intensity groups: high-intensity (fastest walking speed and lowest body weight support [BWS]), low-intensity (slowest speed and highest BWS), and comfortable intensity (intermediate speed and intermediate BWS).

Medical service utilization by children with physical or brain disabilities in South Korea.

Background: Children with physical or brain disabilities experience several functional impairments and declining health complications that must be considered for adequate medical support. This study investigated the current medical service utilization of children expressing physical or brain disabilities in South Korea by analyzing medical visits, expenses, and comorbidities.

Methods: We used a database linked to the National Rehabilitation Center of South Korea to extract information on medical services utilized by children with physical or brain disabilities, the number of children with a disability, medical visits for each child, medical expenses per visit, total medical treatment cost, copayments by age group, condition severity, and disability type.

Fat quantification of the rotator cuff muscles using CT histogram analysis in comparison with Dixon MRI sequence.

Objectives: To quantify the proportion of fat within the rotator cuff muscles using CT histogram analysis (HA) and to compare fat fraction (FF) values obtained from CT and T2*-corrected 6-echo three-dimensional gradient-echo Dixon sequences.

Methods: Twenty-six patients who underwent both shoulder CT and MRI were enrolled. The FF of rotator cuff muscles was measured on FF maps of the Dixon technique.

Association between Low Blood Pressure and Subsequent Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Older Adults Aged ≥75 Years.

Introduction: The association between blood pressure (BP) and incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) in older adults remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between BP (high or low) and PD incidence in adults aged ≥75 years.

Methods: In this nationwide population-based cohort study, we enrolled participants aged ≥75 years without a prior PD diagnosis who had undergone health examination provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service at least once from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2012.

Early Neurodevelopmental Assessments of Neonates Discharged From the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Physiatrist's Perspective.

The survival rate of children admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after birth is on the increase; hence, proper evaluation and care of their neurodevelopment has become an important issue. Neurodevelopmental assessments of individual domains regarding motor, language, cognition, and sensory perception are crucial in planning prompt interventions for neonates requiring immediate support and rehabilitation treatment. These assessments are essential for identifying areas of weakness and designing targeted interventions to improve future functional outcomes and the quality of lives for both the infants and their families.

Feasibility and clinical usefulness of deep learning-accelerated MRI for acute painful fracture patients wearing a splint: A prospective comparative study.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and clinical usefulness of deep learning (DL)-accelerated turbo spin echo (TSEDL) sequences relative to standard TSE sequences (TSES) for acute radius fracture patients wearing a splint.

Methods: This prospective consecutive study investigated 50 patients' preoperative wrist MRI scans acquired between July 2021 and January 2022. Examinations were performed at 3 Tesla MRI with body array coils due to the wrist splint.

Home-based virtual reality-enhanced upper limb training system in children with brain injury: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Rehabilitation of upper limb function can be challenging in children with brain lesion. Recent virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation may be an additional treatment option in pediatric rehabilitation.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a home-based VR-enhanced rehabilitation program with wearable multi-inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors on upper limb functions in children with brain injury.

Relation of Flatfoot Severity with Flexibility and Isometric Strength of the Foot and Trunk Extensors in Children.

Background: Flatfoot is a deformity in which the foot is flattened due to a decrease in or loss of the medial longitudinal arch.

Statement Of The Problem: Few studies have investigated the relationship between the severity of flat feet, trunk strength, and joint flexibility.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the severity of flatfoot and joint flexibility and foot and trunk strength in children with flexible flatfoot.

Comparison of Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithms in Patients with Hip Prostheses: Virtual Monoenergetic Images vs. Orthopedic Metal Artifact Reduction.

Purpose: To assess the usefulness of various metal artifact reduction (MAR) methods in patients with hip prostheses.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 47 consecutive patients who underwent hip arthroplasty and dual-energy CT. Conventional polyenergetic image (CI), orthopedic-MAR (O-MAR), and virtual monoenergetic image (VMI, 50-200 keV) were tested for MAR.

Deep Radiomics-based Approach to the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis Using Hip Radiographs.

Purpose: To develop and validate deep radiomics models for the diagnosis of osteoporosis using hip radiographs.

Materials And Methods: A deep radiomics model was developed using 4924 hip radiographs from 4308 patients (3632 women; mean age, 62 years ± 13 [SD]) obtained between September 2009 and April 2020. Ten deep features, 16 texture features, and three clinical features were used to train the model.

Detection of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Recurrence: Feasibility of Ultrafast 3D Gradient-Echo Sequence in Addition to Conventional Contrast-Enhanced MRI to Provide Early-Phase Postcontrast Information.

Objectives: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been investigated to better detect recurrent tumors of malignant soft tissue sarcoma (STS), however, DCE-MRI is time-consuming and not available at all medical centers. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of dual-phase postcontrast MRI sequences (early 3D spoiled gradient-echo [GRE] and delayed fast spin-echo [FSE] T1WI) for the differentiation of recurrent tumor from nonneoplastic lesions.

Materials And Methods: A total of 297 patients under postoperative surveillance for malignant STS were included in this retrospective study and divided into three subgroups, as follows: group A, recurrent tumors (n = 82); group B, pseudomasses (n = 55); and group C, postoperative inflammation (n = 160).

Improved diagnostic performance of plain radiography for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament using deep learning.

Background: A high false-negative rate has been reported for the diagnosis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) using plain radiography. We investigated whether deep learning (DL) can improve the diagnostic performance of radiologists for cervical OPLL using plain radiographs.

Materials And Methods: The training set consisted of 915 radiographs from 207 patients diagnosed with OPLL.

Deep learning-based fully automated body composition analysis of thigh CT: comparison with DXA measurement.

Objectives: To compare volumetric CT with DL-based fully automated segmentation and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the measurement of thigh tissue composition.

Methods: This prospective study was performed from January 2019 to December 2020. The participants underwent DXA to determine the body composition of the whole body and thigh.

Distinct mechanisms for talker adaptation operate in parallel on different timescales.

The mapping between speech acoustics and phonemic representations is highly variable across talkers, and listeners are slower to recognize words when listening to multiple talkers compared with a single talker. Listeners' speech processing efficiency in mixed-talker settings improves when given time to reorient their attention to each new talker. However, it remains unknown how much time is needed to fully reorient attention to a new talker in mixed-talker settings so that speech processing becomes as efficient as when listening to a single talker.

Relationship between the more-affected upper limb function and daily activity performance in children with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study.

Background: There are differences in roles between the more-affected and less-affected upper limb of children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, there is a lack of studies of the relationship between the more-affected limb function and activities of daily living (ADL) in children with CP. Thus, the aim of this prospective cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between more-affected upper limb function and ADL in children with CP.

Is Longstanding Congenital Muscular Torticollis Provoking Pelvic Malalignment Syndrome?

It has been reported that congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) may result in secondary scoliosis over long-term follow-ups. However, there are few reports on whether CMT causes pelvic malalignment syndrome (PMS). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CMT and PMS and to determine the factors associated with the development of PMS in children with longstanding CMT.

CT Hounsfield unit and histogram analysis for differentiation of recent versus remote vertebral compression fractures.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the intraosseous tissue changes in recent vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) and to differentiate recent from remote VCFs using CT Hounsfield unit histogram analysis (HUHA).

Methods: 65 patients with T11 to L3 VCFs were included. HUHA of 2 vertebral bodies (VBs)- a fractured VB and the closest lower-level unaffected VB-was done.

Using Convolutional Neural Network with Taguchi Parametric Optimization for Knee Segmentation from X-Ray Images.

Loss of knee cartilage can cause intense pain at the knee epiphysis and this is one of the most common diseases worldwide. To diagnose this condition, the distance between the femur and tibia is calculated based on X-ray images. Accurate segmentation of the femur and tibia is required to assist in the calculation process.

Deep Learning Algorithm for Simultaneous Noise Reduction and Edge Sharpening in Low-Dose CT Images: A Pilot Study Using Lumbar Spine CT.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess whether a deep learning (DL) algorithm could enable simultaneous noise reduction and edge sharpening in low-dose lumbar spine CT.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 52 patients (26 male and 26 female; median age, 60.5 years) who had undergone CT-guided lumbar bone biopsy between October 2015 and April 2020.

Fat-suppressed T2 mapping of human knee femoral articular cartilage: comparison with conventional T2 mapping.

Background: There is paucity of studies applying fat suppressed (FS) technique to T2 mapping to overcome chemical shift artifacts. The purpose of the study is to difference between FS T2 and conventional T2 mapping and reproducibility of FS T2 mapping in the femoral articular cartilage.

Methods: Eighteen patients who had normal-looking femoral cartilage and underwent knee MRI with conventional T2 and FS T2 mapping were included.

Environmental Enrichment Enhances Ca 2.1 Channel-Mediated Presynaptic Plasticity in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating neonatal brain condition caused by lack of oxygen and limited blood flow. Environmental enrichment (EE) is a classic paradigm with a complex stimulation of physical, cognitive, and social components. EE can exert neuroplasticity and neuroprotective effects in immature brains.