Tracheal intubation via esophagus in a patient with congenital tracheoesophageal fistula : A case report .

H type of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is rare, occurring approximately once in 100,000 births. The presentation of this anomaly in adults is indeed uncommon. We report a case of a 47-year-old male with congenital TEF dectected during epidural hematoma removal under general anesthesia.

Cardiovascular and respiratory changes in children during diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic surgery.

Background: Information concerning the cardiopulmonary effects of pneumoperitoneum in children is lacking.

Methods: Twenty eight patients were assigned to receive diagnostic laparoscopy (n = 12) or laparoscopic surgery (n = 16). Before insufflation of CO2, tidal volume was set at 10 ml/kg and respiratory rate was adjusted to achieve an end-tidal CO2 (P(ET)CO2) of 30-35 mmHg.