Traumatic Bilateral Bronchial Injury Requiring Pneumonectomy.

High-energy blunt thoracic trauma is a highly morbid condition. When a pneumonectomy is required in such a setting, the mortality rate increases significantly. Here, we present a case of a motor vehicular crash (MVC) in which the patient suffered bilateral bronchial injuries requiring emergent thoracotomy, pneumonectomy, bronchial stenting, and initiation of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO).

A human oral commensal-mediated protection against Sjögren's syndrome with maintenance of T cell immune homeostasis and improved oral microbiota.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a prevalent systemic autoimmune disease with substantial impacts on women's health worldwide. Although oral Haemophilus parainfluenzae is reduced in SS, its significance remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the pathophysiological role of H.

Amino acids and CART distinguish A-β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes from type 1 and type 2 diabetes during hyperglycemic crises.

Context: When clinically stable, patients with A-β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes (KPD) manifest unique markers of amino acid metabolism. Biomarkers differentiating KPD from type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) during hyperglycemic crises would accelerate diagnosis and management.

Objective: Compare serum metabolomics of KPD, T1D and T2D patients during hyperglycemic crises, and utilize Classification and Regression Tree (CART) modeling to distinguish these forms of diabetes.

First records of Parahelice K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006 and Pseudohelice K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006 from Vanuatu, with description of a new species of Parahelice (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae).

The genera Parahelice K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006, and Pseudohelice K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006, are widely distributed in estuarine, mudflats, or mangroves in the Indo-West Pacific, and species of them are often sympatric.

A new species of the genus Ptychognathus Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from Vanuatu.

Ptychognathus Stimpson, 1858 is a speciose genus in the family Varunidae, widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific. Although species of Ptychognathus are common in estuaries with low salinity, some species are difficult to be identified correctly because of their small body size and similar morphology. This study describes one new species, Ptychognathus amikee sp.

Aspartame intake during pregnancy induces placental dysfunction through impaired mitochondrial function and biogenesis modulation.

Introduction: Aspartame is a nonnutritive sweetener (NSS), which is widely used in foods and beverages worldwide. The safety of aspartame, a commonly used artificial sweetener, has been debated. Here, we investigated the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of aspartame consumption during pregnancy on placental dysfunction and birth outcomes.

Congenital hypothyroidism and risk of subsequent autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan.

Aim: Evidence suggests an association between maternal hypothyroidism and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. We examined the risk of ASD and ADHD in individuals with congenital hypothyroidism (CHT).

Methods: A nationwide population-based cohort study enrolled a total of 1260 children younger than 12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of CHT and no prior diagnosis of any neurodevelopmental disorders, selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan between 1998 to 2013.

The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Glutathione Synthesis in Individuals with Severe Obesity.

Glycine is deficient in individuals with obesity but improves following bariatric surgery. Glycine deficiency could impair glutathione (GSH) synthesis and worsen oxidative stress. We examined the impact of obesity-associated glycine deficiency and bariatric surgery on GSH synthesis.

Risk of Periodontitis in Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cohort Study of 81,055 Participants.

Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated poor oral hygiene in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the association between ADHD and periodontitis is still unclear.

Methods: In all, 16,211 adolescents with ADHD and 162,110 age- and sex-matched controls participated in the study between 2001 and 2011.

Sexually transmitted infection and teenage pregnancy in adolescents having parents with schizophrenia: a retrospective cohort study of 64,350 participants.

Background: The risks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and teenage pregnancy in the offspring of parents with schizophrenia remain unknown.

Methods: From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 5,850 individuals born between 1980 and 1999 having any parent with schizophrenia and 58,500 age-, sex-, income- and residence-matched controls without parents with severe mental disorders were enrolled in 1996 or on their birthdate and followed up to the end of 2011. Those who contracted any STI or became pregnant in adolescence during the follow-up period were identified.

Risk of traumatic brain injury among patients with ADHD and their unaffected siblings.

Background: As the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) is gaining increasing attention, the TBI risk in patients with ADHD, unaffected siblings of ADHD probands, and non-ADHD controls remains unclear.

Methods: Overall, 18,645 patients with ADHD, 18,880 unaffected siblings of ADHD probands, and 188,800 age-/sex-matched controls were followed up from enrollment to the end of 2011. The cases of TBI and TBI requiring hospitalization were identified during follow-up.

The impact of obesity-associated glycine deficiency on the elimination of endogenous and exogenous metabolites via the glycine conjugation pathway.

Background: Glycine is an integral component of the human detoxification system as it reacts with potentially toxic exogenous and endogenously produced compounds and metabolites via the glycine conjugation pathway for urinary excretion. Because individuals with obesity have reduced glycine availability, this detoxification pathway may be compromised. However, it should be restored after bariatric surgery because of increased glycine production.

Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 acts as a cargo adaptor to promote EGFR transport to the lysosome.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays important roles in multiple cellular events, including growth, differentiation, and motility. A major mechanism of downregulating EGFR function involves its endocytic transport to the lysosome. Sorting of proteins into intracellular pathways involves cargo adaptors recognizing sorting signals on cargo proteins.

Dysfunction of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in major depressive disorder.

Objectives: Despite mounting evidence demonstrates circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) quantitative changes in depression, no study has investigated cEPC functions in major depressive disorder (MDD). We investigated the role of cEPC adhesive and apoptotic functions in MDD.

Methods: We recruited 68 patients with MDD and 56 healthy controls (HCs).

Multiobjective Optimization of Silver-Nanowire Deposition for Flexible Transparent Conducting Electrodes.

Optimizing the spin coating of silver nanowires to form transparent conducting electrodes (TCE) is guided by machine learning (ML). A good TCE has two competing characteristics: high transmittance and high conductance. Optimization using a scalar figure of merit, as often done in the field, cannot satisfy the independent requirements for transmittance and conductance imposed by specific applications.

Taxonomy and Phylogeography of the Freshwater Crab Species Complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Potamidae) from Southern Taiwan and Offshore Islets.

The freshwater crabs Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994, Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994 and Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994 from southern Taiwan and the offshore islets, Lyudao (Green I.) and Lanyu (Orchid I.) are closely related in morphology and genetics, and have been proposed to be the same species.

Plasma amino acid signatures define types of pediatric diabetes.

Background & Aims: Metabolic biomarkers with pathophysiological relevance is lacking in pediatric diabetes. We aimed to identify novel metabolic biomarkers in pediatric type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that (1) targeted plasma metabolomics, focused on plasma amino acid concentrations, could identify distinctively altered patterns in children with T1D or T2D, and (2) there are specific changes in concentrations of metabolites related to branch chain amino acids (BCAA) and arginine metabolism in children with T2D.

Congenital cleft lip and palate and elevated risks of major psychiatric disorders: A nationwide longitudinal study.

Background: Congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) may be associated with major psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.

Methods: From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 1,158 children and adolescents with CCLP and 11,580 age/sex-matched controls without CCLP were included in this study between 2001 and 2010; they were followed up until the end of 2011 to identify the aforementioned major psychiatric disorders.

Results: After adjustment for age, sex, income, residence, and family history, the Cox regression model revealed a positive relationship of CCLP with subsequent schizophrenia (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.