Forearm Fracture Fixation with Locking Plates: Does Size Matter?

Purpose: Forearm shaft fractures of the radius and/or ulna are typically repaired with plates and screws, with 3.5 mm nonlocking screws being generally recommended. However, smaller plates and screws, either nonlocking or locking, can also be applied.

Nation-Wide Variation in Presence of Legislation or Protocols for EMS Care of Operational Canines.

Background & Aims: Deployment of law enforcement operational canines (OpK9s) risks injuries to the animals. This study's aim was to assess the current status of states' OpK9 (veterinary Emergency Medical Services [VEMS]) laws and care protocols within the United States.

Methods: Cross-sectional standardized review of state laws/regulations and OpK9 VEMS treatment protocols was undertaken.

Accurately evaluating for a small bowel obstruction using an abdominal radiograph, by a new method: The Bowel-Spine Ratio.

Introduction: A well-established method does not exist to rule out a small bowel obstruction using an abdominal xray series with significant accuracy. The hypothesis of the study is that the ratio of an average small bowel diameter to lumbar spine diameter over 0.5 is most likely a small bowel obstruction.

Ownership of change: Participatory development of a novel latent construct for neighborhoods and health equity research.

Processes of neighborhood change are important determinants of health. One salient dimension of the experience of neighborhood changes is a person's evolving sense of empowerment over the changes around them, such as development of new housing or shifts in economic opportunity. Community residents collaborating on a Participatory Action Research study developed the novel construct "ownership of change" to capture this psychosocial process, and hypothesized that it may help explain the relationship between neighborhood change and health.

Welfare Assessment of Invertebrates: Adapting the Animal Welfare Assessment Grid (AWAG) for Zoo Decapods and Cephalopods.

Consumer demand for invertebrates is on the rise as their numbers in the wild dwindle. However, with the growing conservation efforts of modern zoos and aquariums, and evidence from over 300 studies showing that invertebrates are capable of sentience, public interest, and moral concern for welfare of invertebrates have increased. The challenge for zoos and aquariums is in developing an objective and repeatable method for evaluating welfare that can be applied to invertebrates in zoological collections.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN AND SPP. ISOLATED FROM UNGULATES AT A ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.

Increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to health. The AMR profile of bacteria isolated from domesticated animals and free-ranging wildlife has been studied, but there are relatively few studies of bacteria isolated from captive wild animals. Understanding the dynamics of AMR in different populations is key to minimizing emergence of resistance and to preserve the efficacy of antimicrobials.

The relationship between patellar lateralization diagnostic imaging markers and non-contact internal knee derangements.

Background: To investigate differences in the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) and patellar tendon-posterior cruciate ligament (PT-PCL) distances in symptomatic patients with non-contact internal knee derangements (IKD) and symptomatic patients with internally intact knees (control).

Methods: A retrospective review of MRI studies was completed by comparing 78 patients with meniscal and ligamentous derangements of the knee to 63 internally intact knees (age range, 13 to 50 years). MRI findings were reviewed independently by two board-certified radiologists to assess for agreement.

Assessment of Welfare in Zoo Animals: Towards Optimum Quality of Life.

Zoos are required to maintain a high standard of animal welfare, and this can be assessed using a combination of resource-based and animal-based indices usually divided into behavioural indicators, physiological indicators and clinical/pathological signs. Modern animal welfare assessments should aim to encompass positive affective states and the indicators that are useful in assessing these are discussed. When developing factors to be scored for each species, there is huge variability in the available information about the natural biology for some zoo species and even less information concerning those animals in captivity.

PITUITARY PARS INTERMEDIA DYSFUNCTION (EQUINE CUSHING'S DISEASE) IN NONDOMESTIC EQUIDS AT MARWELL WILDLIFE: A CASE SERIES. ONE CHAPMAN'S ZEBRA ( EQUUS QUAGGA CHAPMANI) AND FIVE PRZEWALSKI's HORSES ( EQUUS FERUS PRZEWALSKII).

  Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), also known as equine Cushing's disease, is widely reported in middle-aged to older domestic equids but to date reported in only one nondomestic equid, the onager ( Equus hemionus onager). This case series reports clinical, hematological, and pathological findings consistent with PPID in two further equid species: one Chapman's zebra ( Equus quagga chapmani) and five Przewalski's horses ( Equus ferus przewalskii). The case series reports basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) testing as a method to diagnose and monitor PPID in zoological equids and the use of pergolide mesylate to reduce basal ACTH concentration and reduce clinical signs associated with PPID.

Comparative effectiveness of a mnemonic-use approach vs. self-study to interpret a lateral chest X-ray.

The chest X-ray is the most commonly performed medical imaging study; however, the lateral chest film intimidates many physicians and medical students. The lateral view is more difficult to interpret than the frontal view but provides important information that is either not visible or not as evident on frontal view, and inability to read it may lead to missed diagnoses and more expensive imaging. The objective of this study was to assess a novel mnemonic-based approach to teaching medical students to proficiently read a lateral film using a prospective pilot study.

Two cases of liver lobe torsion in a white-lipped tamarin (Saguinus labiatus) and an Alaotran gentle lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis).

This paper describes liver lobe torsion in a white-lipped tamarin (Saguinus labiatus) and an Alaotran gentle lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis). Both animals had a history of acute collapse, and diagnosis was made post-mortem. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first reported cases of this pathology in non-human primates.

Adaptation of the animal welfare assessment grid (AWAG) for monitoring animal welfare in zoological collections.

Animal welfare monitoring is an essential part of zoo management and a legal requirement in many countries. Historically, a variety of welfare audits have been proposed to assist zoo managers. Unfortunately, there are a number of issues with these assessments, including lack of species information, validated tests and the overall complexity of these audits which make them difficult to implement in practice.

Evaluating distracted driving behaviors in parents of children in suburban and rural areas of Alabama.

Background: Distracting driving is considered a dangerous epidemic in teenage drivers and adult drivers nationwide. Cell phone use, such as talking and texting is one of the most common driving distractions among adult and teenage drivers. Using the model of a previously published study from New Haven, Connecticut, we sought to investigate the driving behaviors of parents while transporting their children in Alabama.

Trauma ultrasound in civilian tactical medicine.

The term "tactical medicine" can be defined in more than one way, but in the nonmilitary setting the term tactical emergency medical services (TEMS) is often used to denote medical support operations for law enforcement. In supporting operations involving groups such as special weapons and tactics (SWAT) teams, TEMS entail executing triage, diagnosis, stabilization, and evacuation decision-making in challenging settings. Ultrasound, now well entrenched as a part of trauma evaluation in the hospital setting, has been investigated in the prehospital arena and may have utility in TEMS.

Vendors: part of the supply chain solution.

St. Joseph Health System in Bryan, Texas, recently undertook a formal performance improvement process in which vendors were treated as partners rather than adversaries. The health system established three systemwide initiatives-vendor summit, a vendor of the year award, and a vendor survey-to improve vendor relationships.

Transit of normal rat uterine stromal cells through G1 phase of the cell cycle requires progesterone-growth factor interactions.

Understanding of cell cycle regulation in hormonally responsive cells lags behind studies in other systems because few models have been available to identify the role of steroid hormones and their receptors in this process. This study investigates progesterone-dependent effects on the progression of normal uterine stromal cells through early G1 phase of the cell cycle. Quiescent rat uterine stromal cells were stimulated to reenter the cell cycle by adding serum-free medium containing medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF).

Diagnostic criteria for sarcoidosis of the sinuses.

Background: Although newer technologies facilitate its diagnosis and treatment, little is known about sarcoidosis of the paranasal sinuses.

Objectives: We sought to better characterize sarcoidosis of the sinuses and establish criteria for diagnosis.

Methods: Case-finding criteria were established, and over 50 reports of sarcoidosis of the sinuses in the medical literature were reviewed.

Epidural haematoma following anticoagulant treatment in a patient with an indwelling epidural catheter.

We report the occurrence of an epidural haematoma after the removal of a lumbar epidural catheter, which had been inserted 2 days previously for surgery to revise a thrombosed femoral-popliteal graft. Pre-operatively the patient received intravenous heparin by infusion, but this was stopped 7 h prior to epidural insertion. Coagulation studies were normal.

Retrospective DNA ploidy analysis by image and flow cytometry in head and neck cancer.

A retrospective analysis of DNA content (DNA ploidy) was conducted in formalin-fixed specimens from patients with advanced, unresectable head and neck cancer who were treated on a single defined protocol with accelerated fractionation radiation therapy and concomitant cisplatin (Platinol) chemotherapy. Specimens from 31 tumor sites were analyzed by image cytometry using the Feulgen staining method. Fifteen specimens were analyzed by flow cytometry after deparaffinization, nuclear disaggregation, and staining with propidium iodide.

Reduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha bioactivity by a human ovarian epithelial cancer cell line in vitro.

Objective: Our purpose was to determine the ability of an ovarian epithelial carcinoma cell line, Caov-3, to alter the bioactivity of exogenously added tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Study Design: Caov-3 cells were cultured for up to 6 days in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. The control and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-treated cells were analyzed for proliferation, distribution throughout the cell cycle by flow cytometry, their ability to release bioactive tumor necrosis factor-alpha by L929 bioassay, and their ability to release immunoreactive tumor necrosis factor-alpha by a specific double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Error patterns in the MR imaging evaluation of menisci of the knee.

Purpose: To categorize errors in interpretation of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the knee and explain the discrepancy between MR imaging and diagnostic arthroscopic findings.

Materials And Methods: Five hundred sixty-one patients underwent arthroscopy and MR imaging of the knee. Prospective and retrospective readings were used to categorize tear type and location.

Effect of erythrocyte deformability on in vivo red cell transit time and hematocrit and their correlation with in vitro filterability.

Indicator dilution techniques were applied to measure mean transit time of fluorescently labeled red blood cells (RBCs) (TTRBC) and plasma (TTpl) between functionally paired arterioles and venules (A-V) in cremaster muscle (rat) for normal RBCs and cells hardened by in vitro incubation in graded concentrations of glutaraldehyde. Dispersion of a bolus introduced into the contralateral femoral artery permitted computation of TT by cross-correlation of fluorescence intensity-time curves in A-V pairs. Parallel in vitro assessments of RBC deformability were made by filtration through 5-microns pore Nuclepore filters to express deformability in terms of the ratio of resistance to flow through a pore with RBCs present to that with suspending medium alone, beta.

Adult onset laryngeal papillomatosis.

The charts of 22 patients with an onset of laryngeal papillomatosis after age 18 were reviewed retrospectively. The typical patient had hoarseness. Airway obstruction did not occur in this series.