Abandoned, lost and discarded fishing gear 'ghost nets' are increasing through time in Northern Australia.

The remote Gulf of Carpentaria (GoC) represents 10% of Australia's coastline. This large, shallow sea supports high-value fishing activities and habitat for threatened species, and is a sink for abandoned, lost and discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) 'ghost nets', most originating from fishing activities outside of Australia's Exclusive Economic Zone. With growing concerns about the plastic waste along the world's coastlines, we retrospectively analyzed ghost net sighting information from four aerial surveys across 15 years, to investigate whether densities of ghost nets are changing through time or in space.

An investigation of cyclist passing distances in the Australian Capital Territory.

In Australia, cycling hospitalisations are increasing and the cycling participation rate is stagnating. In an effort to improve cyclist safety, many Australian jurisdictions have mandated a minimum passing distance that vehicles much provide when overtaking a cyclist on a public road, including the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). However, it is not currently clear how vehicle-cyclist passing distances are affected by various parameters such as the road environment, the vehicles involved, or the speed limit.

Shape Analysis of the Patellar Bone Surface and Cutting Plane for Knee Replacement Surgery.

Geometry of the patella (kneecap) remains poorly understood yet is highly relevant to performing the correct patellar cut to reduce pain and to improve function and satisfaction after knee replacement surgery. Although studies routinely refer to "parallel to the anterior surface" and "the patellar horizon," a quantitative definition of these is lacking and significant variability exists between observers for this irregularly-shaped bone. A 2D-3D shape analysis technique was developed to determine the optimal device configuration for contacting the patellar surface.

A trial of retrofitted advisory collision avoidance technology in government fleet vehicles.

In-vehicle collision avoidance technology (CAT) has the potential to prevent crash involvement. In 2015, Transport for New South Wales undertook a trial of a Mobileye 560 CAT system that was installed in 34 government fleet vehicles for a period of seven months. The system provided headway monitoring, lane departure, forward collision and pedestrian collision warnings, using audio and visual alerts.

The Shoreline Video Assessment Method (S-VAM): Using dynamic hyperlapse image acquisition to evaluate shoreline mangrove forest structure, values, degradation and threats.

Climate change with human direct pressures represent significant threats to the resilience of shoreline habitats like mangroves. A rapid, whole-of-system assessment strategy is needed to evaluate such threats, better linking innovative remote sensing with essential on-ground evaluations. Using the Shoreline Video Assessment Method, we surveyed around 190km of the mostly mangrove-fringed (78%) coastline of Kien Giang Province, Vietnam.

Accuracy of an adjustable patient-specific guide for acetabular alignment in hip replacement surgery (Optihip).

Implant malalignment in hip arthroplasty increases the risk of revision surgery due to problems such as hip instability, wear, and impingement. Traditional instrumentation lacks accuracy and does not individualize the goal. Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) and patient-specific solutions improve accuracy but add considerably to the cost, amongst other drawbacks.

Functional outcomes for 2 years comparing hip resurfacing and total hip arthroplasty.

This prospective observational study of 499 patients with hip resurfacing and 255 patients with total hip arthroplasty compared outcomes for 2 years. We used propensity scores to identify matched cohorts of 118 patients with hip resurfacing and 118 patients with total hip arthroplasty. We used these cohorts to compare improvements in the Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index and Medical Outcomes Short-Form 36 physical function component (SF-36 PF) scores at 3 months and at 1 and 2 years postsurgery.

Eosinophils promote allergic disease of the lung by regulating CD4(+) Th2 lymphocyte function.

Eosinophils are primarily thought of as terminal effectors of allergic responses and of parasite elimination. However, limited studies suggest a more discrete immunomodulatory role for this leukocyte during these inflammatory responses. In this investigation, we highlight the potential of eosinophils to act as APCs and thus modulators of allergic responses by influencing Th2 cell function.

A polymorphic marker for the human cathepsin B gene.

Human cathepsin B (CTSB) is a proteolytic enzyme implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. We describe a PCR-based polymorphic marker for this gene comprising two amplimers differing in length by 19 consecutive nucleotides in intron 7, near the exon 8 splice acceptor site, identifying two gene alleles (A and B). Allele frequencies were 0.

Complications of treatment of paediatric malignancies.

Advances in surgical techniques, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have led to improved survival for children with solid tumours and leukaemia. However, the treatment has also resulted in increased side effects both in the short and long term. This article outlines the complications which may arise as a result of treatment under the headings of surgery; chemotherapy; radiotherapy; organ specific complications; infection and graft-v-host disease.

A case of Acro-renal-mandibular syndrome in an 18 week male fetus.

An 18 week male fetus is described with Acro-renal-mandibular syndrome. This third reported case of the syndrome is the first known male case and extends the phenotypic spectrum that characterizes the condition.

Risk assessment of renal cortical scarring with urinary tract infection by clinical features and ultrasonography.

Aims: To address some of the issues in the ongoing debate over the optimal diagnostic imaging following childhood urinary tract infection (UTI), by determining the risk of missing renal cortical scarring which would be detected on a technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) gold standard if ultrasound alone were used, factoring for clinical features (upper or lower tract), UTI recurrence, and age group (infants, preschool, or school age).

Methods: Details of UTI clinical features and recurrence were recorded for 990 children with a proven UTI, and their DMSA and ultrasound results were compared for each kidney.

Results: The risks of missing DMSA scarring varied between 0.

99Tcm-HMPAO leucocyte labelling in orofacial granulomatosis and gastrointestinal Crohn's disease in childhood and early adulthood.

Orofacial granulomatosis is a granulomatous inflammatory disorder, affecting the soft tissues of the face and mouth. The predominant feature is disfiguring lip swelling. Patients with this condition may be exhibiting a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction to dietary or environmental allergens, or these may be the orofacial manifestations of underlying gastrointestinal Crohn's disease.

The role of nuclear medicine in children.

Nuclear medicine studies have an important role to play in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of several paediatric conditions. This article highlights this role and indicates areas of potential growth.

An unusual hernia: congenital pericardial effusion associated with liver herniation into the pericardial sac.

To our knowledge there have been only two previous cases of diaphragmatic hernia into the pericardium diagnosed antenatally. We describe our pre- and post-natal radiological findings in such a case, although the final diagnosis eluded us until after delivery.

A review of renal scarring in children.

It is now widely accepted that children with a proven urinary tract infection should undergo some form of diagnostic imaging to assess the presence of, or the potential to develop, renal scarring. The type of investigation which should be performed is controversial. Some centres still perform intravenous urography, others rely on ultrasound alone, while others believe that a 99Tc(m)-dimercaptosuccinic acid (99Tc(m)-DMSA) scan is essential.

Total hip replacement for coxarthrosis secondary to congenital dysplasia and dislocation of the hip. Long-term results.

Between 1970 and 1982, sixty-six total hip replacements were performed with cement, without bone-grafting, in fifty-three patients who had congenital dysplasia and dislocation of the hip. Preoperatively, the patients had had Crowe type-II, III, or IV subluxation. Current information was available for fifty-nine hips in forty-six patients after an average duration of follow-up of sixteen years (range, ten to twenty-one years).

Symptomatic cortical irregularities of the distal femur simulating malignancy.

We reviewed the records and radiographs of seven children who presented with knee pain, local tenderness over the medial femoral condyle, and radiological irregularity of the distal medial metaphysis of the femur suggestive of malignancy. In the five patients who had biopsies, histological changes were consistent with musculotendinous avulsion, and the dissection of ten cadavers confirmed the site to be the insertion of part of the adductor magnus. The recognition of this lesion and knowledge of its benign nature may avoid unnecessary anxiety and needless biopsy.

The value of ultrasound in the child with an acute urinary tract infection.

Objective: To assess the value of an ultrasound examination in children with a proven urinary tract infection.

Patients And Methods: The results of renal ultrasound and 99mTc-dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) studies were compared in 112 children with a first documented symptomatic Escherichia coli urinary tract infection.

Results: Ultrasound was particularly effective in detecting the presence of obstruction, renal swelling and parenchymal change consistent with acute pyelonephritis.

Total hip arthroplasty with cement in patients who are less than fifty years old. A sixteen to twenty-two-year follow-up study.

Eighty-nine Charnley total hip arthroplasties were performed with cement, by a single surgeon, in sixty-seven patients who were less than fifty years old at the time of the procedure. The follow-up period ranged from sixteen to twenty-two years (average, eighteen years). The most recent evaluation consisted of a clinical and a radiographic examination for forty-six patients (fifty-eight hips), a telephone interview and a review of the most recent radiographs for eleven patients (sixteen hips), and a telephone interview only for six patients (ten hips).