Complete genome sequences of sucrose non-fermenting non-O1/non-O139 isolated from human soft tissue infection.

This paper describes the hybrid genome assembly of sucrose non-fermenting non-O1/non-O139 isolated from human soft tissue infection. The hybrid assembled genome comprises two circular chromosomes with lengths of 3,001,999 bp and 1,264,051 bp, respectively, with a G + C content of 47.38%.

Resource manipulation reveals interactive phenotype-dependent foraging in free-ranging lizards.

Recent evidence suggests that individuals differ in foraging tactics and this variation is often linked to an individual's behavioural type (BT). Yet, while foraging typically comprises a series of search and handling steps, empirical investigations have rarely considered BT-dependent effects across multiple stages of the foraging process, particularly in natural settings. In our long-term sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa) study system, individuals exhibit behavioural consistency in boldness (measured as an individual's willingness to approach a novel food item in the presence of a threat) and aggressiveness (measured as an individual's response to an 'attack' by a conspecific dummy).

Reported Complications of Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Systems in Low-Resource Settings: An International Survey.

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the leading cause of death in young children globally. Most of the global burden of mortality from LRTIs occurs in low-resource settings (LRSs), where obtaining and maintaining respiratory support devices such as commercial bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) can be prohibitive. Low-cost bCPAP devices exist, such as the homemade WHO-style bCPAP design, but the safety of this design has been called into question.

Differentially Expressed Genes in Dental Pulp Tissues of Individuals With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis With and Without History of COVID-19.

Introduction: Increased levels of proinflammatory markers have been reported in tissues of individuals with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We hypothesize that inflamed dental pulp tissues of individuals with previous history of COVID-19 may present a differential inflammatory gene expression profile in comparison with individuals who never had COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: Dental pulp tissues were collected from 27 individuals referred for endodontic treatment due to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Evidence of Antineutrinos from Distant Reactors Using Pure Water at SNO.

The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240 km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector.

Optical observation of single spins in silicon.

The global quantum internet will require long-lived, telecommunications-band photon-matter interfaces manufactured at scale. Preliminary quantum networks based on photon-matter interfaces that meet a subset of these demands are encouraging efforts to identify new high-performance alternatives. Silicon is an ideal host for commercial-scale solid-state quantum technologies.

Microplastics in intertidal water of South Australia and the mussel Mytilus spp.; the contrasting effect of population on concentration.

Microplastics, plastic particles <5 mm in size, are of global concern as human-caused pollutants in marine and fresh waters, and yet little is known of their distribution, behaviour and ecological impact in the intertidal environment of South Australia. This study confirms for the first time, the presence of microplastic in the South Australian intertidal ecosystem by quantifying the abundance of particles in intertidal water and in the keystone species, the blue mussel, Mytilus spp., an important fisheries species, at ten and six locations respectively, along the South Australian coastline.

Dynamic Interactions Between the Immune System and the Neuroendocrine System in Health and Disease.

The immune system and the neuroendocrine system share many common features. Both consist of diverse components consisting of receptors and networks that are widely distributed throughout the body, and both sense and react to external stimuli which, on the one hand control mechanisms of immunity, and on the other hand control and regulate growth, development, and metabolism. It is thus not surprising, therefore, that the immune system and the neuroendocrine system communicate extensively.

Thyroid stimulating hormone β-subunit splice variant is expressed in all fractional subsets of bone marrow hematopoietic cells and peripheral blood leukocytes and is modulated during bacterial infection.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a hormone produced in the anterior pituitary, is used to regulate thyroid hormone secretion. It has been known for over three decades that TSH is made by the cells of the immune system; however, the functional role of immune system TSH is unclear. We previously demonstrated that an alternatively-spliced isoform of TSHβ, referred to as the TSHβ splice variant (TSHβv), is the primary form of TSHβ made by hematopoietic cells in mice and humans.

Novel Splicing of Immune System Thyroid Stimulating Hormone β-Subunit-Genetic Regulation and Biological Importance.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a glycoprotein hormone produced by the anterior pituitary, controls the production of thyroxine (T) and triiodothyronine (T) in the thyroid. TSH is also known to be produced by the cells of the immune system; however, the physiological importance of that to the organism is unclear. We identified an alternatively-spliced form of TSHβ that is present in both humans and mice.

Intramolecular and interfacial dynamics of triarylamine-based hole transport materials.

We present steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic investigations combined with detailed kinetic modelling for the triarylamine derivatives X60 and PTAA which serve as hole transport materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells and represent model compounds for organic electronic materials. Photoexcitation of the spiro-fluorene-xanthene X60 populates its S1 state which decays via intersystem crossing (ISC) as well as fluorescence and internal conversion on a nanosecond time scale. Photoexcitation of the PTAA polymer leads to the formation of singlet excitons which relax and migrate in the time regime from a few to about a hundred picoseconds and decay to the ground state with a lifetime of ca.

Photoinduced dynamics of the hole-transport material H101 in organic solvents and on mesoporous AlO and TiO thin films.

We present a comprehensive steady-state and time-resolved UV-Vis-NIR absorption and fluorescence study of the hole-transport material H101 to characterise its photophysics in different organic solvents and on mesoporous AlO and TiO thin films. Photoexcitation of H101 at 400 nm in organic solvents populates the S state which shows intramolecular relaxation on a picosecond time scale. Branching from the relaxed S state leads to population of the T triplet state and the ground electronic state S.

Quantifying ultrafast charge carrier injection from methylammonium lead iodide into the hole-transport material H101 and mesoporous TiO using Vis-NIR transient absorption.

Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites already reach very high power conversion efficiencies above 22% on architectures employing mesoporous TiO, but the carrier injection processes across the different interfaces are still not fully understood. Here we use ultrafast broadband transient absorption spectroscopy to determine time constants and yields for hole and electron injection. We show that hole transfer from the perovskite valence band (VB) to the hole-transport material (HTM) H101 at the perovskite/HTM interface occurs in less than 500 fs, but is limited by imperfections of the contact layer and poor infiltration of the HTM into the mesoporous structure.

A Call to Develop Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) for Nonmajors Courses.

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) for non-science majors (nonmajors) are potentially distinct from CUREs for developing scientists in their goals, learning objectives, and assessment strategies. While national calls to improve science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education have led to an increase in research revealing the positive effects of CUREs for science majors, less work has specifically examined whether nonmajors are impacted in the same way. To address this gap in our understanding, a working group focused on nonmajors CUREs was convened to discuss the following questions: 1) What are our laboratory-learning goals for nonmajors? 2) What are our research priorities to determine best practices for nonmajors CUREs? 3) How can we collaborate to define and disseminate best practices for nonmajors in CUREs? We defined three broad student outcomes of prime importance to the nonmajors CURE: improvement of scientific literacy skills, proscience attitudes, and evidence-based decision making.

Involvement of Ly6C, 4-1BB, and KLRG1 in the activation of lamina propria lymphocytes in the small intestine of sanroque mice.

Roquin is an E3 ligase that regulates mRNA stability. Mice with a mutation in the Rc3h1 gene and Roquin protein, referred to as Roquin or sanroque mice, develop broad-spectrum chronic inflammatory conditions and autoimmune pathologies. Our laboratory recently reported that sanroque mice also develop extensive inflammation that is localized in the small intestine but is rare in the colon.

Excited-state relaxation of the solar cell dye D49 in organic solvents and on mesoporous AlO and TiO thin films.

We present an ultrafast UV-Vis-NIR transient absorption study of the donor-acceptor solar-cell dye D49 in diisopropyl ether, THF and acetonitrile, as well as on mesoporous AlO and TiO thin films. Photoexcitation at 505 nm initially populates the first electronically excited state of the dye having significant intramolecular charge transfer character ("S/ICT"). On AlO and in the three organic solvents, the dynamics are fully explained in terms of S/ICT stabilisation (by reorientation of adjacent solvent or D49 molecules and collisional cooling), intramolecular vibrational redistribution and S/ICT → S electronic decay.

Defining excellence: next steps for practicing clinicians seeking to prevent diagnostic error.

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) released its report on diagnostic errors in September, 2015. The report highlights the urgency of reducing errors and calls for system-level intervention and changes in our basic clinical interactions. Using the report's controversial definition of diagnostic error as a starting point, we introduce the issues and the potential impact on practicing physicians.

Charge carrier dynamics of methylammonium lead iodide: from PbI₂-rich to low-dimensional broadly emitting perovskites.

We provide an investigation of the charge carrier dynamics of the (MAI)(x)(PbI2)(1-x) system in the range x = 0.32-0.90 following the recently published "pseudobinary phase-composition processing diagram" of Song et al.

Splenic Leukocytes Traffic to the Thyroid and Produce a Novel TSHβ Isoform during Acute Listeria monocytogenes Infection in Mice.

The thyroid stimulating hormone beta-subunit (TSHβ) with TSHα form a glycoprotein hormone that is produced by the anterior pituitary in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Although TSHβ has been known for many years to be made by cells of the immune system, the role of immune system TSH has remained unclear. Recent studies demonstrated that cells of the immune system produce a novel splice variant isoform of TSHβ (TSHβv), but little if any native TSHβ.

Roquin--a multifunctional regulator of immune homeostasis.

Roquin-1 (Rc3h1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase originally discovered in a mutational screen for genetic factors contributory to systemic lupus erythematosus-like symptoms in mice. A single base-pair mutation in the Rc3h1 gene resulted in the manifestation of autoantibody production and sustained immunological inflammation characterized by excessive T follicular helper cell activation and formation of germinal centers. Subsequent studies have uncovered a multifactorial process by which Roquin-1 contributes to the maintenance of immune homeostasis.

Ultrafast photoinduced dynamics of the organolead trihalide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 on mesoporous TiO2 scaffolds in the 320-920 nm range.

We present femtosecond broadband transient absorption experiments for the investigation of the carrier dynamics in the organolead trihalide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. The perovskite was prepared on a mesoporous TiO2 scaffold either by 1-step deposition from solution or by 2-step methods employing deposition of lead iodide followed by an on-surface reaction with methylammonium iodide. The thin films were characterized by XRD and FTIR chemical mapping.

MicroRNA signatures differentiate Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis.

Background: Excessive and inappropriate immune responses are the hallmark of several autoimmune disorders, including the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD): Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). A complex etiology involving both environmental and genetic factors influences IBD pathogenesis. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), noncoding RNAs involved in regulating numerous biological processes, to IBD pathology, in terms of initiation and progression, remains ill-defined.

A role for IL-10 in the transcriptional regulation of Roquin-1.

Roquin-1, a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, functions as a modulator of inflammation; however, nothing is known about how Rc3h1 expression is regulated. Here, we describe an opposing relationship between Roquin-1 and the IL-17 proinflammatory cytokine by demonstrating that enforced expression of Rc3h1 restricts Il17a expression, and that exposure of T cells to IL-10, a cytokine with immunosuppressive activity, increases Rc3h1 expression. Luciferase reporter assays conducted using eight transcription factor plasmids (STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, GATA2, c-Rel, IKZF1, IKZF2, and IKZF3) demonstrated that STAT1, STAT3, GATA2, and c-Rel increased Rc3h1 promoter activity, whereas IKZF2 decreased activity.

Hematopoietic not systemic impairment of Roquin expression accounts for intestinal inflammation in Roquin-deficient mice.

Roquin, an E3 ligase, is involved in curtailing autoimmune pathology as seen from studies using mice with mutated (Rc3h1(san/san)) or disrupted (Rc3h1(gt/gt)) Rc3h1 gene. The extent to which intestinal immunopathology is caused by insufficient Roquin expression in the immune system, or by Roquin impairment in non-hematopoietic cells, has not been determined. Using bone marrow cells from Rc3h1(gt/gt) mice transferred into irradiated normal mice (Rc3h1(gt/gt) → NL chimeras), we show that inflammation developed in the small intestine, kidney, lung, liver, and spleen.