People living with HIV co-infected with the Kaposi Sarcoma-associated Herpes Virus have a distinct HIV Tat profile and higher rates of antiretroviral virologic failure, more evident among those with Kaposi's sarcoma.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a neoplasm of vascular origin that promotes angiogenesis and the growth of endothelial cells triggered by the Kaposi Sarcoma-associated Herpes Virus (KSHV). When associated with HIV, KSHV becomes more aggressive and rapidly evolves. The HIV-1 TAT protein can be essential in developing AIDS-associated KS by promoting angiogenesis and increasing KSHV replication.

T cell-mediated Immune response and correlates of inflammation and their relationship with COVID-19 clinical severity: not an intuitive guess.

Background: Predictors of the outcome of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain to be fully determined. We evaluated selected viral characteristics and immunological responses that might predict and/or correlate to the clinical outcome of COVID-19.

Methods: For individuals developing divergent clinical outcomes, the magnitude and breadth of T cell-mediated responses were measured within 36 h of symptom onset.

Lignin derived hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of nanoplastics from water.

As a growing concern in aqueous systems, micro- and nano-plastics, especially nanoplastics (NPs), have been widely detected in the environment and organisms, posing a potential threat to ecosystems and human health. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) have emerged as environmentally friendly solvents that have shown promise for extracting pollutants from water, either for detection or removal purposes. Herein, we investigated the extraction of polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) NPs from aqueous solution using lignin based HDESs as sustainable solvents.

The impact of progressive overload on the proportion and frequency of positive cardio-respiratory fitness responders.

The proportion of individuals whose cardio-respiratory fitness change after endurance training does not exceed the test's measurement error can be 40 %. We determined if progressively increasing treadmill run intensity compared to maintaining the same run intensity, improved the responder proportion to a 6-week 20-minute treadmill training regimen. The intervention response standard deviation method estimated the proportion of responders attributable to progressively increasing run intensity.

Green solvent mediated extraction of micro- and nano-plastic particles from water.

The production of plastic and the amount of waste plastic that enters the ecosystem increases every year. Synthetic plastics gradually break down into particles on the micro- and nano-scale in the environment. The micro- and nano-plastics pose a significant ecological threat by transporting toxic chemicals and causing inflammation and cellular damage when ingested; however, removal of those particles from water is challenging using conventional separation methods.

Dolutegravir-associated resistance mutations after first-line treatment failure in Brazil.

Background: Since January 2017, the recommended first-line antiretroviral regimen in Brazil is the fixed-dose combination of tenofovir plus lamivudine with dolutegravir (TL + D). According to the literature, integrase resistance-associated mutations (INRAMs) are rarely found upon virologic failure to first-line dolutegravir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. We evaluated the HIV antiretroviral genotypic resistance profile of patients referred for genotyping in the public health system who failed first-line TL + D after at least six months of therapy on or before December 31, 2018.

Acute electroencephalography responses during incremental exercise in those with mental illness.

Introduction: Depression is a mental illness (MI) characterized by a process of behavioral withdrawal whereby people experience symptoms including sadness, anhedonia, demotivation, sleep and appetite change, and cognitive disturbances. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) differs in depressive populations and may signify affective responses, with left FAA corresponding to such aversive or withdrawal type behavior. On an acute basis, exercise is known to positively alter affect and improve depressive symptoms and this has been measured in conjunction with left FAA as a post-exercise measure.

Interaction between apolipoprotein E genotypes, excessive daytime sleepiness, and cognitive function in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Background: Some studies show an association between the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (ApoEε4) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and other studies, an association between ApoEε4 and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), but there are no data in the literature on the interaction between EDS, cognitive function, and ApoEε4 in patients with OSA.

Objective: To examine the cognitive function of adults with and without EDS and with and without ApoEε4.

Methods: A total of 21 male and female patients aged between 33 and 79 years, underwent a clinical interview, ApoE genotyping, neuropsychological evaluation, polysomnography, and the application of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

Multi-center validation of an artificial intelligence system for detection of COVID-19 on chest radiographs in symptomatic patients.

Objectives: While chest radiograph (CXR) is the first-line imaging investigation in patients with respiratory symptoms, differentiating COVID-19 from other respiratory infections on CXR remains challenging. We developed and validated an AI system for COVID-19 detection on presenting CXR.

Methods: A deep learning model (RadGenX), trained on 168,850 CXRs, was validated on a large international test set of presenting CXRs of symptomatic patients from 9 study sites (US, Italy, and Hong Kong SAR) and 2 public datasets from the US and Europe.

Effective phage cocktail to combat the rising incidence of extensively drug-resistant sequence type 16.

Bacteriophages are the most abundant organisms on Earth. As there are few effective treatment options against some pathogens, the interest in the bacteriophage control of multi-drug-resistant bacterial pathogens is escalating, especially for . This study aimed to develop a phage-based solution to the rising incidence of extensively drug-resistant clinical sequence type (ST16) infections starting from a set of phages recently characterized against this lineage.

Immunogenicity of personalized dendritic-cell therapy in HIV-1 infected individuals under suppressive antiretroviral treatment: interim analysis from a phase II clinical trial.

Background: We developed a personalized Monocyte-Derived Dendritic-cell Therapy (MDDCT) for HIV-infected individuals on suppressive antiretroviral treatment and evaluated HIV-specific T-cell responses.

Methods: PBMCs were obtained from 10 HIV individuals enrolled in trial NCT02961829. Monocytes were differentiated into DCs using IFN-α and GM-CSF.

Relationships between Physical Activity, Work Ability, Absenteeism and Presenteeism in Australian and New Zealand Adults during COVID-19.

Public health movement and social restrictions imposed by the Australian and New Zealand governments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the working environment and may have affected health behaviours, work ability, and job performance. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between health behaviours and work ability and performance during COVID-19 restrictions and if health behaviours were related to demographic or population factors. A cross-sectional survey was used to gather responses from 433 adult employees in Australia and New Zealand between June and August 2020.

Fitness Cost of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations on the Gene during Analytical Antiretroviral Treatment Interruption among Individuals Experiencing Virological Failure.

HIV cure studies require patients to enter an analytical treatment interruption (ATI). Here, we describe previously unanalyzed data that sheds light on ATI dynamics in PLHIV (People Living with HIV). We present drug resistance mutation dynamics on the pol gene among individuals with antiretroviral virological failure who underwent ATI.

Corrigendum to "Nitazoxanide superiority to placebo to treat moderate COVID-19 - A Pilot prove of concept randomized double-blind clinical trial." [EClinicalMedicine 37 (2021) 100981].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.

Paramedic Student Clinical Performance During High-Fidelity Simulation After a Physically Demanding Occupational Task: A Pilot Randomized Crossover Trial.

Introduction: Paramedic duties include assessing, treating, and maneuvering patients in physically challenging environments. Whether clinical skills and patient care are affected by these occupational demands is unknown. High-fidelity simulation affords the opportunity to study this in a controlled setting.

Associations between exercise, inflammation and symptom severity in those with mental health disorders.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 6-weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on markers of inflammation and symptom severity in those undergoing management of a mental health disorder.

Method: Twenty six participants were allocated into two groups, those reporting as apparently healthy (AH, n = 13) or those undergoing the management of a mental health disorder (MI, n = 13). Following a baseline testing and familiarization session, participants commenced the 6-week aerobic training intervention, involving stationary cycling at 65% heart rate reserve for 35 min progressing to 70% for 40 min.

Nitazoxanide superiority to placebo to treat moderate COVID-19 - A Pilot prove of concept randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Background: The absence of specific antivirals to treat COVID-19 leads to the repositioning of candidates' drugs. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has a broad antiviral effect.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind pilot clinical trial comparing NTZ 600 mg BID versus Placebo for seven days among 50 individuals (25 each arm) with SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR+ (PCR) that were hospitalized with mild respiratory insufficiency from May 20, 2020, to September 21, 2020 (ClinicalTrials.

Pain and body position on the bicycle in competitive and recreational road cyclists: A retrospective study.

This study compared the presence of pain in recreational and competitive road cyclists and body position on the bicycle between cyclists with and without pain. Seventy-one cyclists completed a survey reporting existing cycling-related sites of pain and comfort. Static sagittal and frontal plane images were taken to analyse body position on the bicycle.

Physical Activity Participation After a 16-Week Supervised Workplace Exercise RCT With a 15-Month Follow-Up.

Objective: To investigate the effects of exercise supervision on short- and longer-term moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) participation.

Methods: Fifty-six Australian university employees completed a 16-week moderate-to-high intensity aerobic and resistance exercise intervention, and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) 15 months later. Participants received either personal (SUP; n = 21) or non-personal (NPS; n = 19) exercise supervision at an onsite facility or exercised offsite with no supervision (CON; n = 16).

Physical capacity of New South Wales ambulance paramedics.

Background: Paramedics are among the most frequently injured health professionals in Australia. A lack of physical capacity may contribute to injury risk in this occupational population.

Aims: This study sought to describe and compare the physical fitness of male and female paramedics across age groups to ascertain differences in physical capacity.

Exercise Supervision Is Important for Cardiometabolic Health Improvements: A 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.

Hunter, JR, Gordon, BA, Bird, SR, and Benson, AC. Exercise supervision is important for cardiometabolic health improvements: a 16-week randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 866-877, 2020-Exercise supervision enhances health and fitness improvements in clinical populations compared with unsupervised or home-based exercise, but effects of supervision type are unknown in healthy employees.

Exercise at an onsite facility with or without direct exercise supervision improves health-related physical fitness and exercise participation: An 8-week randomised controlled trial with 15-month follow-up.

Issue Addressed: Physical activity and exercise participation is limited by a perceived lack of time, poor access to facilities and low motivation. The aim was to assess whether providing an exercise program to be completed at the workplace with or without direct supervision was effective for promoting health-related physical fitness and exercise participation.

Methods: Fifty university employees aged (Mean ± SD) 42.