Context-Dependent Estrogenic Actions of (+)-Pisatin Produced in Elicited Green or Snow Pea ().

Legumes are a predominant source of isoflavones, termed phytoestrogens, that mimic 17β-estradiol (E2). Phytoalexins are inducible isoflavones produced in plants subjected to environmental stressors (e.g.

Variability in interseismic strain accumulation rate and style along the Altyn Tagh Fault.

Major strike-slip faults that develop between strong and weaker regions are thought to focus along narrow shear zones at the rheological boundary. Here we present the InSAR-derived velocity field spanning almost the entire length of one such fault, the 1600 km-long Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF), and analyse the strain distribution. We find that localisation of strain is actually variable, in contrast to other major strike-slip faults that show little variation, with strain concentrated at the fault for some sections and distributed over broad (>100 km) shear zones for others.

Kinetics of Lipophilic Pesticide Uptake by Living Maize.

We report the uptake of a lipophilic fungicide into the cuticle of living leaves of young maize from droplets of a suspension concentrate. The action of a "coffee-ring" effect is demonstrated during fungicide formulation drying, and the fungicide particle distribution is quantified. We develop a simple, two-dimensional model of uptake leading to a "reservoir" of cuticular fungicide.

Modeling Transcuticular Uptake from Particle-Based Formulations of Lipophilic Products.

We report a mathematical model for the uptake of lipophilic agrochemicals from dispersed spherical particles within a formulation droplet across the leaf cuticle. Two potential uptake pathways are identified: direct uptake via physical contact between the cuticle and particle and indirect uptake via initial release of material into the formulation droplet followed by partition across the cuticle-formulation interface. Numerical simulation is performed to investigate the relevance of the particle-cuticle contact angle, the release kinetics of the particle, and the particle size relative to the cuticle thickness.

On-the-Fly Second Virial Coefficients.

A simple but approximate algorithm is described for computing second virial coefficients based on equilibrated molecular configurations that may be generated during any Monte Carlo or molecular dynamics simulation. The algorithm uses simple quadrature based on sampling every binary pair in the configuration and moving their center-center distances from zero to infinity. Comparisons are made in the literature results using more sophisticated sampling and integration for -alkanes of ethane through -dodecane.

Combined temperature and density series for fluid-phase properties. II. Lennard-Jones spheres.

In Paper I [J. R. Elliott, A.

Minimization of fermentation inhibitor generation by carbon dioxide-water based pretreatment and enzyme hydrolysis of guayule biomass.

Guayule rubber production leaves >80% biomass as ground bagasse, which can be hydrolyzed to release sugars but also fermentation inhibitors. Here inhibitor generation and sugar conversion by the CO-HO pretreatment and enzyme hydrolysis were studied. Different pretreatment conditions: 550-4900 psi, 160-195 °C, 10-60 min and fixed 66.

The role of space-based observation in understanding and responding to active tectonics and earthquakes.

The quantity and quality of satellite-geodetic measurements of tectonic deformation have increased dramatically over the past two decades improving our ability to observe active tectonic processes. We now routinely respond to earthquakes using satellites, mapping surface ruptures and estimating the distribution of slip on faults at depth for most continental earthquakes. Studies directly link earthquakes to their causative faults allowing us to calculate how resulting changes in crustal stress can influence future seismic hazard.

Urbanization as Socioenvironmental Succession: The Case of Hazardous Industrial Site Accumulation.

This study rehabilitates concepts from classical human ecology and synthesizes them with contemporary urban and environmental sociology to advance a theory of urbanization as socioenvironmental succession. The theory illuminates how social and biophysical phenomena interact endogenously at the local level to situate urban land use patterns recursively and reciprocally in place. To demonstrate this theory we conduct a historical-comparative analysis of hazardous industrial site accumulation in four U.

Combined temperature and density series for fluid-phase properties. I. Square-well spheres.

Cluster integrals are evaluated for the coefficients of the combined temperature- and density-expansion of pressure: Z = 1 + B2(β) η + B3(β) η(2) + B4(β) η(3) + ⋯, where Z is the compressibility factor, η is the packing fraction, and the B(i)(β) coefficients are expanded as a power series in reciprocal temperature, β, about β = 0. The methodology is demonstrated for square-well spheres with λ = [1.2-2.

A simple extrapolation of thermodynamic perturbation theory to infinite order.

Recent analyses of the third and fourth order perturbation contributions to the equations of state for square well spheres and Lennard-Jones chains show trends that persist across orders and molecular models. In particular, the ratio between orders (e.g.

Developing spatial inequalities in carbon appropriation: a sociological analysis of changing local emissions across the United States.

This study examines an overlooked dynamic in sociological research on greenhouse gas emissions: how local areas appropriate the global carbon cycle for use and exchange purposes as they develop. Drawing on theories of place and space, we hypothesize that development differentially drives and spatially decouples use- and exchange-oriented emissions at the local level. To test our hypotheses, we integrate longitudinal, county-level data on residential and industrial emissions from the Vulcan Project with demographic, economic and environmental data from the U.

Adapting SAFT-γ perturbation theory to site-based molecular dynamics simulation. III. Molecules with partial charges at bulk phases, confined geometries and interfaces.

In Paper I [A. F. Ghobadi and J.

Adapting SAFT-γ perturbation theory to site-based molecular dynamics simulation. II. Confined fluids and vapor-liquid interfaces.

In this work, a new classical density functional theory is developed for group-contribution equations of state (EOS). Details of implementation are demonstrated for the recently-developed SAFT-γ WCA EOS and selective applications are studied for confined fluids and vapor-liquid interfaces. The acronym WCA (Weeks-Chandler-Andersen) refers to the characterization of the reference part of the third-order thermodynamic perturbation theory applied in formulating the EOS.

Adapting SAFT-γ perturbation theory to site-based molecular dynamics simulation. I. Homogeneous fluids.

In this work, we aim to develop a version of the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (SAFT)-γ equation of state (EOS) that is compatible with united-atom force fields, rather than experimental data. We rely on the accuracy of the force fields to provide the relation to experimental data. Although, our objective is a transferable theory of interfacial properties for soft and fused heteronuclear chains, we first clarify the details of the SAFT-γ approach in terms of site-based simulations for homogeneous fluids.

Relation of carotid intima-media thickness and plaque with incident cardiovascular events in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between subclinical CV disease as measured by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque using B-mode carotid ultrasound and incident CV events in a combined cohort of female patients with SLE. This was a prospective, 2-center observational study of 392 adult women with SLE and no previous CV events with a mean 8 years of follow-up.

'Do Not Attempt Resuscitation' (DNAR) decisions in patients with femoral fractures: modification, clinical management and outcome.

Background: increased provision of orthogeriatric expertise for patients with femoral fractures has led to implementation of 'Do Not Attempt Resuscitation' (DNAR) decisions prior to anaesthesia and surgery for fixation of their fractures. Review and modification of the DNAR decision by the medical team is necessary before surgery and is recommended by guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI) and the General Medical Council.

Methods: over a 17-month period, DNAR decisions were already present or were implemented for the first time in 22 patients prior to scheduled surgical fixation of their femoral fractures.

Atypical femoral fractures and bisphosphonate treatment: experience in two large United Kingdom teaching hospitals.

We performed a retrospective review of all patients admitted to two large University Hospitals in the United Kingdom over a 24-month period from January 2008 to January 2010 to identify the incidence of atypical subtrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures and their relationship to bisphosphonate treatment. Of the 3515 patients with a fracture of the proximal femur, 156 fractures were in the subtrochanteric region. There were 251 femoral shaft fractures.

Pedestrian head translation, rotation and impact velocity: the influence of vehicle speed, pedestrian speed and pedestrian gait.

In road traffic collisions, pedestrian injuries and fatalities account for approximately 11% and 20% of casualties in the USA and the EU, respectively. In many less motorised countries, the majority of victims are pedestrians. The significant influences of vehicle speed, pedestrian speed and pedestrian gait on pedestrian post-impact kinematics have been qualitatively noted in the literature, but there has been no quantitative approach to this problem.

Investigation on the solubility of SO2 and CO2 in imidazolium-based ionic liquids using NPT Monte Carlo simulation.

The solubility of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) at P = 1 bar in a series of imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation in NPT ensemble using the OPLS-UA force field and Widom particle insertion method. The studied ILs were 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([bmim](+)) tetrafluoroborate ([BF(4)](-)), [bmim](+) hexafluorophosphate ([PF(6)](-)), [bmim](+) bromide ([Br](-)), [bmim](+) nitrate ([NO(3)](-)), [bmim](+) bis-(trifluoromethyl) sulfonylimide ([Tf2N](-)), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([emim][BF(4)]). To validate the simulations, the liquid density of studied ILs and the solubility of CO(2) in [bmim][PF(6)] was compared with corresponding experimental and theoretical studies reported in the literature, and a good agreement was obtained.

When nature pushes back: environmental impact and the spatial redistribution of socially vulnerable populations.

Objectives. This research investigates the spatial redistribution of socially vulnerable subpopulations during long-term recovery from natural disaster. We hypothesize that the local environmental impact of a disaster influences this redistribution process and that how it does so varies by the urban or rural context in which the disaster occurs.

Limits to social capital: comparing network assistance in two New Orleans neighborhoods devastated by Hurricane Katrina.

Sociological research emphasizes that personal networks offer social resources in times of need and that this capacity varies by the social position of those involved. Yet rarely are sociologists able to make direct comparisons of such inequalities. This study overcomes this methodological challenge by examining network activation among residents of two unequal neighborhoods severely devastated by Hurricane Katrina.

Hydroxychloroquine and glycemia in women with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To determine the relationship between current hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use and 2 indicators of glycemic control, fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity, in nondiabetic women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Nondiabetic women with SLE (n = 149) or RA (n = 177) recruited between 2000 and 2005 for a cross-sectional evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors were characterized by HCQ usage status. Unadjusted and multivariately adjusted mean fasting glucose, median insulin, and insulin resistance [assessed by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) calculation] were compared among HCQ users and nonusers for disease-specific groups.

Atherosclerosis risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Growing evidence suggests that inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis from initial endothelial dysfunction to rupture of atheromatous plaques. The increased frequency of atherosclerosis in SLE is likely due to a complex interplay among traditional risk factors, disease-related factors such as medications and disease activity, and inflammatory and immunogenic factors.