Impact of organic phosphates on the structure and composition of short-range ordered iron nanophases.

Organic phosphates (OP) are important nutrient components for living cells in natural environments, where they readily interact with ubiquitous iron phases such as hydrous ferric oxide, ferrihydrite (FHY). FHY partakes in many key bio(geo)chemical reactions including iron-mediated carbon storage in soils, or iron-storage in living organisms. However, it is still unknown how OP affects the formation, structure and properties of FHY.

Synergistic inhibition of green rust crystallization by co-existing arsenic and silica.

Arsenic and silica are known inhibitors of the crystallization of iron minerals from poorly ordered precursor phases. However, little is known about the effects of co-existing As and Si on the crystallization and long-term stability of mixed-valence Fe minerals such as green rust (GR). GR usually forms in anoxic, Fe-rich, near-neutral pH environments, where they influence the speciation and mobility of trace elements, nutrients and contaminants.

Temperature and organic carbon quality control the anaerobic carbon mineralization in peat profiles via modulating microbes: A case study of Changbai Mountain.

Peatlands account for a significant fraction of the global carbon stock. However, the complex interplay of abiotic and biotic factors governing anaerobic carbon mineralization in response to warming remains unclear. In this study, peat sediments were collected from a typical northern peatland-Changbai Mountain to investigate the behavior and mechanism of anaerobic carbon mineralization in response to depth (0-200 cm) and temperature (5 °C, 15 °C and 20 °C), by integrating geochemical and microbial analysis.

Nucleation and Crystallization of Ferrous Phosphate Hydrate via an Amorphous Intermediate.

The fundamental processes of nucleation and crystallization are widely observed in systems relevant to material synthesis and biomineralization; yet most often, their mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we unravel the discrete stages of nucleation and crystallization of Fe(PO)·8HO (vivianite). We experimentally monitored the formation and transformation from ions to solid products by employing correlated, time-resolved and approaches.

Exposure to coal mining can lead to imbalanced levels of inorganic elements and DNA damage in individuals living near open-pit mining sites.

Coal mining activities are considered harmful to living organisms. These activities release compounds to the environment, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, and oxides, which can cause oxidative damage to DNA. In this study, we compared the DNA damage and the chemical composition of peripherical blood of 150 individuals exposed to coal mining residues and 120 non-exposed individuals.

Delineating apathy profiles in Huntington's disease with the short-Lille Apathy Rating Scale.

Introduction: Apathy, a prevalent feature in neurological disorders including Huntington's disease (HD), is characterized by a reduction in goal-directed behavior across cognitive, auto-activation (i.e., self-activating thoughts/behavior), and emotional domains.

Ratio of Women with POP Using Pessary, Improvement in Urination and Quality of Life.

Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has a general incidence of > 10% in the female population of the Western world. The pessary is a silicone device, it is inserted into the vagina to provide support to the pelvic organs. It is used as a conservative treatment to improve prolapse symptoms.

Intervention of physical exercise in the workplace on work ability, depression, anxiety and job satisfaction in workers with sedentary tasks.

Background: Sedentary tasks contribute to the deterioration of health and the appearance of chronic diseases. Physical exercise can contribute to the development of health, although the characteristics of the most appropriate program are unknown.

Objectives: This is the second paper of the PRODET® intervention trial evaluating the effect of a supervised group exercise intervention in the worksite based on aerobic capacity and strength lasting 12 weeks.

Sulfidation extent of nanoscale zerovalent iron controls selectivity and reactivity with mixed chlorinated hydrocarbons in natural groundwater.

Sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) exhibits low anoxic oxidation and high reactivity towards many chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs). However, nothing is known about S-nZVI reactivity once exposed to complex CHC mixtures, a common feature of CHC plumes in the environment. Here, three S-nZVI materials with varying iron sulfide (mackinawite, FeS) shell thickness and crystallinity were exposed to groundwater containing a complex mixture of chlorinated ethenes, ethanes, and methanes.

Deep weathering in the semi-arid Coastal Cordillera, Chile.

The weathering front is the boundary beneath Earth's surface where pristine rock is converted into weathered rock. It is the base of the "critical zone", in which the lithosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere interact. Typically, this front is located no more than 20 m deep in granitoid rock in humid climate zones.

Near-Field Thermophotovoltaic Conversion with High Electrical Power Density and Cell Efficiency above 14.

A huge amount of thermal energy is available close to material surfaces in radiative and nonradiative states, which can be useful for matter characterization or energy harvesting. Even though a full class of novel nanoengineered devices has been predicted over the last two decades for exploiting near-field thermal photons, efficient near-field thermophotovoltaic conversion could not be achieved experimentally until now. Here, we realize a proof of principle by using a micrometer-sized indium antimonide photovoltaic cell cooled at 77 K and approached at nanometer distances from a hot (∼730 K) graphite microsphere emitter.

Targeted therapy for pediatric low-grade glioma.

Purpose: Pediatric low-grade gliomas are the most frequent brain tumors in children. The standard approach for symptomatic unresectable tumors is chemotherapy. Recently, key molecular alterations/pathways have been identified and targeted drugs developed and tested in clinical trials.

Arsenic removal from natural groundwater using 'green rust': Solid phase stability and contaminant fate.

Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater remains a pressing global challenge. In this study, we evaluated the potential of green rust (GR), a redox-active iron phase frequently occurring in anoxic environments, to treat As contamination at a former wood preservation site. We performed long-term batch experiments by exposing synthetic GR sulfate (GR) to As-free and As-spiked (6 mg L) natural groundwater at both 25 and 4 °C.

ΔNp73 status in peritoneal and ovarian dissemination of appendicular adenocarcinoids (goblet cells).

Introduction: Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC) is an appendicular neoplasia representing less than 5% of all appendicular tumors, found in 0.3-0.9% of the appendectomies, 35-58% of all appendicular neoplasms, and less than 14% of malign appendix tumors.

Beam-induced oxidation of mixed-valent Fe (oxyhydr)oxides (green rust) monitored by STEM-EELS.

Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is often used to investigate morphologies, crystal structures, chemical compositions and oxidation states of highly reactive mixed-valent mineral phases. Of prime interest, due to its potential role in toxic metal remediation, is green rust sulphate (GR) an Fe-Fe layered double hydroxide. In this study, we quantified the effects that TEM analysis has on GR in order to ensure the measured material properties are a result of synthesis and reaction kinetics, and not due to sample preparation and analysis technique.

Micron-sized liquid nitrogen-cooled indium antimonide photovoltaic cell for near-field thermophotovoltaics.

Simulations of near-field thermophotovoltaic devices predict promising performance, but experimental observations remain challenging. Having the lowest bandgap among III-V semiconductors, indium antimonide (InSb) is an attractive choice for the photovoltaic cell, provided it is cooled to a low temperature, typically around 77 K. Here, by taking into account fabrication and operating constraints, radiation transfer and low-injection charge transport simulations are made to find the optimum architecture for the photovoltaic cell.

The interfacial reactivity of arsenic species with green rust sulfate (GR).

Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater is a significant health and environmental concern worldwide because of its wide distribution and toxicity. The fate and mobility of As is greatly influenced by its interaction with redox-active mineral phases, among which green rust (GR), an Fe-Fe layered double hydroxide mineral, plays a crucial role. However, the controlling parameters of As uptake by GR are not yet fully understood.

Removal of arsenic and mercury species from water by covalent triazine framework encapsulated γ-FeO nanoparticles.

The covalent triazine framework, CTF-1, served as host material for the in situ synthesis of FeO nanoparticles. The composite material consisted of 20 ± 2 m% iron, mainly in γ-FeO phase. The resulting γ-FeO@CTF-1 was examined for the adsorption of As, As and Hg from synthetic solutions and real surface-, ground- and wastewater.

Comparison of different types of phacoemulsification tips. III. Morphological changes induced after multiple uses in an ex vivo model.

Purpose: To assess the ultrastructural morphologic changes in the surface's micro-roughness for single-use and multiple-use phaco tips after multiple phacoemulsification cycles in an ex vivo animal model.

Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center and Utah Nanofab, College of Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.