Behavioral Responses to Wildfire Smoke: A Case Study in Western Montana.

Although climate change is increasing wildfire and smoke events globally, public health messaging and individual access to resources for protection are limited. Individual interventions can be highly effective at reducing wildfire smoke exposure. However, studies related to individual responses to wildfire smoke are limited and demonstrate mixed protective behaviors and risk perception.

Association between diabetes status and long-term outcomes following open and endovascular repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Objective: Current literature reports conflicting findings regarding the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on outcomes of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. In this study we examined the effect of DM and its management on outcomes after open AAA repair (OAR) and endovascular AAA repair (EVAR).

Methods: We identified all patients undergoing OAR or EVAR for infrarenal AAA between 2003 and 2018 in the Vascular Quality Initiative registry data linked with Medicare claims.

Exploring the Sociodemographic and Health-Related Determinants of Telehealth Use Among a Cohort of Older Australians During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a rapid adoption of telehealth care services as a public health strategy to maintain access to essential health care. In Australia, there has been increasing optimism for the expansion of telehealth services. However, little is known about the patterns and determinants of telehealth adoption among older adults, with concerns that an expansion of telehealth services may only be of benefit to those who already have better access to health care.

Wideband radiofrequency pulse sequence for evaluation of myocardial scar in patients with cardiac implantable devices.

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance is a useful clinical tool to identify late gadolinium enhancement in heart failure patients with implantable electronic devices. Identification of LGE in patients with CIED is limited by artifact, which can be improved with a wide band radiofrequency pulse sequence.

Objective: The authors hypothesize that image quality of LGE images produced using wide-band pulse sequence in patients with devices is comparable to image quality produced using standard LGE sequences in patients without devices.

Covalent functionalization by using blue light activated radicals: on the reaction mechanisms of arylazo sulfone binding on graphene.

Covalent functionalization of graphene presents a pivotal strategy to enhance its surface properties and overcome inherent chemical inertness. While diazonium salts have been extensively utilized for this purpose, their limitations necessitate exploration of alternative approaches. Arylazo sulfones, such as diazonium salt derivatives serving as chromophores, offer a promising solution, enabling photochemical reactions under visible light.

Renal and Urinary Conditions: Urinary Tract Infections.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis, are common. Each year, they account for more than 10 million outpatient visits and more than 3 million emergency department visits. Recurrent UTIs (defined as three in 1 year or two in 6 months) also are common, occurring in 20% to 30% of women.

Search for a Sub-eV Sterile Neutrino Using Daya Bay's Full Dataset.

This Letter presents results of a search for the mixing of a sub-eV sterile neutrino with three active neutrinos based on the full data sample of the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment, collected during 3158 days of detector operation, which contains 5.55×10^{6} reactor ν[over ¯]_{e} candidates identified as inverse beta-decay interactions followed by neutron capture on gadolinium. The analysis benefits from a doubling of the statistics of our previous result and from improvements of several important systematic uncertainties.

Inactivation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus with High-temperature Short Time Continuous Flow Pasteurization and Virus Detection in Bulk Milk Tanks.

Infections of dairy cattle with clade 2.3.4.

Optimal systemic treatment and real-world clinical application of ctDNA in patients with metastatic HER2-mutant lung cancer.

Introduction: No definitive answers currently exist regarding optimal first-line therapy for HER2-mutant NSCLC. Access to rapid tissue sequencing is a major barrier to precision drug development in the first-line setting. ctDNA analysis has the potential to overcome these obstacles and guide treatment.

The out-of-pocket cost of living with obesity: Results from a survey in Spain, South Korea, Brazil, India, Italy, and Japan.

Objectives: In many countries, obesity treatments are not fully reimbursed by healthcare systems. People living with obesity (PwO) often pay out-of-pocket (OOP) for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, placing them in a position of financial risk to manage their condition. This study sought to understand the OOP expenditures and non-financial costs incurred by PwO to manage weight.

Amino acid-sulphur decomposition in agricultural soil profile along a long-term recultivation chronosequence.

The significance of sulphur (S) availability for crop yield and quality is highlighted under the global S deficiency scenario. However, little is known about the temporal trend in belowground organic S mineralisation when restoring land to productive agricultural systems, particularly for the deeper soil parts. Therefore, we investigated the decomposition of S-labelled methionine in surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface soil (30-60 cm and 60-90 cm) over a 48-year recultivation chronosequence (sampled after1, 8, 14, 24 and 48 years).

Rabies control in Bangladesh and prediction of human rabies cases by 2030: a One Health approach.

Background: Bangladesh is making progress toward achieving zero dog-mediated rabies deaths by 2030, a global goal set in 2015.

Methods: Drawing from multiple datasets, including patient immunisation record books and mass dog vaccination (MDV) databases, we conducted a comprehensive analysis between 2011 and 2023 to understand the effectiveness of rabies control programmes and predict human rabies cases in Bangladesh by 2030 using time-series forecasting models. We also compared rabies virus sequences from GenBank in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries.

In Situ Eutectic Formation in a Polymeric Matrix via Hot-Melt Reactive Extrusion and the Use of Partial Least Squares Regression Modeling for Reaction Yield Determination.

There has been a significant volume of work investigating the design and synthesis of new crystalline multicomponent systems via examining complementary functional groups that can reliably interact through the formation of noncovalent bonds, such as hydrogen bonds (H-bonds). Crystalline multicomponent molecular adducts formed using this approach, such as cocrystals, salts, and eutectics, have emerged as drug product intermediates that can lead to effective drug property modifications. Recent advancement in the production for these multicomponent molecular adducts has moved from batch techniques that rely upon intensive solvent use to those that are solvent-free, continuous, and industry-ready, such as reactive extrusion.

Introducing 'identification probability' for automated and transferable assessment of metabolite identification confidence in metabolomics and related studies.

Methods for assessing compound identification confidence in metabolomics and related studies have been debated and actively researched for the past two decades. The earliest effort in 2007 focused primarily on mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and resulted in four recommended levels of metabolite identification confidence - the Metabolite Standards Initiative (MSI) Levels. In 2014, the original MSI Levels were expanded to five levels (including two sublevels) to facilitate communication of compound identification confidence in high resolution mass spectrometry studies.

Unraveling cysteine deficiency-associated rapid weight loss.

Forty percent of the US population and 1 in 6 individuals worldwide are obese, and the incidence of this disease is surging globally. Various dietary interventions, including carbohydrate and fat restriction, and more recently amino acid restriction, have been explored to combat this epidemic. We sought to investigate the impact of removing individual amino acids on the weight profiles of mice.

Intraoperative margin assessment with near real time pathology during partial gland ablation of prostate cancer: A feasibility study.

Background: In-field or in-margin recurrence after partial gland cryosurgical ablation (PGCA) of prostate cancer (PCa) remains a limitation of the paradigm. Stimulated Raman histology (SRH) is a novel microscopic technique allowing real time, label-free, high-resolution microscopic images of unprocessed, un-sectioned tissue which can be interpreted by humans or artificial intelligence (AI). We evaluated surgical team and AI interpretation of SRH for real-time pathologic feedback in the planning and treatment of PCa with PGCA.

Effective knockdown-replace gene therapy in a novel mouse model of DNM1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Effective gene therapy for gain-of-function or dominant-negative disease mutations may require eliminating expression of the mutant copy together with wild-type replacement. We evaluated such a knockdown-replace strategy in a mouse model of DNM1 disease, a debilitating and intractable neurodevelopmental epilepsy. To challenge the approach robustly, we expressed a patient-based variant in GABAergic neurons-which resulted in growth delay and lethal seizures evident by postnatal week three-and delivered to newborn pups an AAV9-based vector encoding a ubiquitously expressed, Dnm1-specific interfering RNA (RNAi) bivalently in tail-to-tail configuration with a neuron-specific, RNAi-resistant, codon-optimized Dnm1 cDNA.

Implications of long-term sample storage on the recovery of viruses from wastewater and biobanking.

Wastewater-based monitoring has been widely implemented worldwide for the tracking of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and other viral diseases. In many surveillance programmes, unprocessed and processed wastewater samples are often frozen and stored for long periods of time in case the identification and tracing of an emerging health threat becomes necessary. However, extensive sample bioarchives may be difficult to maintain due to limitations in ultra-freezer capacity and associated cost.