A randomised cross-over trial assessing the impact of AI-generated individual feedback on written online assignments for medical students.

Purpose: Self-testing has been proven to significantly improve not only simple learning outcomes, but also higher-order skills such as clinical reasoning in medical students. Previous studies have shown that self-testing was especially beneficial when it was presented with feedback, which leaves the question whether an immediate and personalized feedback further encourages this effect. Therefore, we hypothesised that individual feedback has a greater effect on learning outcomes, compared to generic feedback.

Digital Technologies in Hereditary Coagulation Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Background:  This systematic review aims to comprehensively survey digital technologies used in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hereditary blood coagulation disorders.

Methods:  The systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed on January 29, 2024.

Monitoring individualized glucose levels predicts risk for bradycardia in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot study.

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit an elevated risk for cardiac arrhythmias, such as bradycardia, which may potentially lead to sudden cardiac death (SCD). While hypoglycemia, defined as a critical drop in glucose levels below the normal range, has long been associated with adverse cardiovascular events, recent studies have highlighted the need for a comprehensive reevaluation of its direct impact on cardiovascular outcomes, particularly in high-risk populations such as those with DM and CKD. In this study, we investigated the association between glucose levels and bradycardia by simultaneously monitoring interstitial glucose (IG) and ECG for 7 days in insulin-treated patients with DM and CKD.

Disentangled representational learning for anomaly detection in single-lead electrocardiogram signals using variational autoencoder.

Wearable technology enables the unsupervised recording of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Analyzing these high-dimensional ECG data poses challenges regarding statistical approaches and explainability. This work investigates the feasibility of medically explainable anomaly detection through disentangled representational learning of ECGs and personalization to mitigate inter-subject variations.

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Induces Growth Arrest and Apoptosis in Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from mutations in the gene. Patients harboring these mutations are predisposed to a spectrum of peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) originating from Schwann cells, of which malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are the deadliest, with limited treatment options. Therefore, an unmet need still exists for more effective therapies directed at these aggressive malignancies.

Evaluation of the gamified application KIJANI to promote physical activity in children and adolescents: A multimethod study.

Objective: Digital approaches have the potential to make activity promotion attractive and age-appropriate for children and adolescents. KIJANI is a mobile application aiming to increase physical activity (PA) in youth via gamification and augmented reality. This study investigates the user experience with KIJANI through a multimethod approach.

Myopia and Other Refractive Error and Their Relationships to Glaucoma Screening.

Prcis: A large disk, a large parapapillary delta zone and a long axial length may be used as screening criteria to detect glaucomatous optic neuropathy in highly myopic eyes.

Purpose: To describe aspects for screening of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in dependence of refractive error, under special consideration of high myopia.

Methods/results: Studies on the anatomy of the myopic optic nerve head and results of investigations on the relationship between glaucomatous optic neuropathy and axial myopia were included.

QRS detection in single-lead, telehealth electrocardiogram signals: Benchmarking open-source algorithms.

Background And Objectives: A key step in electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis is the detection of QRS complexes, particularly for arrhythmia detection. Telehealth ECGs present a new challenge for automated analysis as they are noisier than traditional clinical ECGs. The aim of this study was to identify the best-performing open-source QRS detector for use with telehealth ECGs.

Copy number alterations in metastatic and early breast tumours: prognostic and acquired biomarkers of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors.

Background: Copy number alterations (CNA) are acquired during the evolution of cancers from their early stage to metastatic stage. This study aims at analysing the clinical value of the identified metastasis-associated CNAs both in metastatic breast cancers (mBCs) and early breast cancers (eBCs).

Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array was performed on 926 biopsies from mBC patients, enrolled in SAFIR02-BREAST prospective trial.

Co-designing a wiki-based community knowledge management system for personal science.

Personal science is the practice of addressing personally relevant health questions through self-research. Implementing personal science can be challenging, owing to the need to develop and adopt research protocols, tools and methods. While online communities can provide valuable peer support, tools for systematically accessing community knowledge are lacking.

Assembly mechanism of Integrator's RNA cleavage module.

The modular Integrator complex is a transcription regulator that is essential for embryonic development. It attenuates coding gene expression via premature transcription termination and performs 3'-processing of non-coding RNAs. For both activities, Integrator requires endonuclease activity that is harbored by an RNA cleavage module consisting of INTS4-9-11.

CCAR1 promotes DNA repair via alternative splicing.

DNA repair is directly performed by hundreds of core factors and indirectly regulated by thousands of others. We massively expanded a CRISPR inhibition and Cas9-editing screening system to discover factors indirectly modulating homology-directed repair (HDR) in the context of ∼18,000 individual gene knockdowns. We focused on CCAR1, a poorly understood gene that we found the depletion of reduced both HDR and interstrand crosslink repair, phenocopying the loss of the Fanconi anemia pathway.

Basis of gene-specific transcription regulation by the Integrator complex.

The Integrator complex attenuates gene expression via the premature termination of RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) at promoter-proximal pausing sites. It is required for stimulus response, cell differentiation, and neurodevelopment, but how gene-specific and adaptive regulation by Integrator is achieved remains unclear. Here, we identify two sites on human Integrator subunits 13/14 that serve as binding hubs for sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) and other transcription effector complexes.

User-centered development of an mHealth app for cardiovascular prevention.

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) apps can be used for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. User-centered design, evidence-based content and user testing can be applied to ensure a high level of usability and adequate app access.

Objective: To develop and evaluate an mHealth app () for CVD prevention.

KIJANI App to Promote Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: Protocol for a Mixed Method Evaluation.

Background: The prevalence of physical inactivity among children and adolescents is alarmingly high despite the well-documented and comprehensive benefits of regular physical activity (PA). Therefore, PA promotion should start early in childhood and adolescence. Although reducing recreational screen time in children and adolescents is an urgent concern, digital approaches have the potential to make activity promotion attractive and age appropriate for the target group.

Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Importance: The association of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) abundance in breast cancer tissue with cancer recurrence and death in patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who are not treated with adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy is unclear.

Objective: To study the association of TIL abundance in breast cancer tissue with survival among patients with early-stage TNBC who were treated with locoregional therapy but no chemotherapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective pooled analysis of individual patient-level data from 13 participating centers in North America (Rochester, Minnesota; Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada), Europe (Paris, Lyon, and Villejuif, France; Amsterdam and Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Milan, Padova, and Genova, Italy; Gothenburg, Sweden), and Asia (Tokyo, Japan; Seoul, Korea), including 1966 participants diagnosed with TNBC between 1979 and 2017 (with follow-up until September 27, 2021) who received treatment with surgery with or without radiotherapy but no adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

The German version of the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (GER-MAUQ): Translation and validation study in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Objective: In Germany, only a few standardized evaluation tools for assessing the usability of mobile Health apps exist so far. This study aimed to translate and validate the English patient version for standalone apps of the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) into a German version.

Methods: Following scientific guidelines for translation and cross-cultural adaptation, the patient version for standalone apps was forward and back-translated from English into German by an expert panel.

Bruch's membrane and Brücke's muscle in the pars plana region.

Purpose: To examine Bruch's membrane (BM) in association with the longitudinal part of the ciliary muscle (LPCM) in the pars plana region.

Methods: Using light microscopy, we histomorphometrically assessed BM and the LPCM in the pars plana region.

Results: The histomorphometric study included 51 eyes (51 patients; mean age: 60.

Longer term follow up of outcomes following implantation of a modular rotating hinge knee prosthesis: 53 implants at mean 7.6 year follow up.

Background: Rotating hinge knee replacements are becoming more common but have historically had high complication and failure rates. This study is one of the largest to assess the implant survival and patient outcomes of a third-generation rotating hinge knee replacement at a single tertiary orthopaedic centre.

Methods: Data for consecutive operations at our tertiary unit between 2006 to 2020 were assessed with review of electronic patient and radiology records.

Guideline-Based Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Delivered by an mHealth App: Development Study.

Background: Identifying high-risk individuals is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Currently, risk assessment is mostly performed by physicians. Mobile health apps could help decouple the determination of risk from medical resources by allowing unrestricted self-assessment.

Return to work following revision knee arthroplasty in patients under 65 years of age: A retrospective study.

Background: Little is known about employment following revision total knee arthroplasty (RTKA). This study aims to describe factors associated with returning to employment in patients of working age who underwent RTKA surgery.

Methods: We performed a retrospective assessment of all patients aged ≤65 who underwent RTKA at our NHS institution between 2006 and 2020.

Ciliary body size in chronic angle-closure glaucoma.

To examine the size of the ciliary body stroma (CBS) in dependence of the morphology of the anterior chamber angle in enucleated human eyes, we histomorphometrically examined human enucleated eyes. The study included 107 eyes (with a mean axial length of 25.1 ± 2.

Fewer native and periprosthetic femoral fracture patients receive an orthogeriatric review and expedited surgery compared to hip fracture patients.

Introduction: Disproportionate emphasis has been attributed to hip fracture over other femoral fractures through implementation of Best Practice Tariff (BPT).This retrospective comparative observational cohort study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of native and periprosthetic femoral fractures and establish any disparities in their management relative to hip fractures.

Methods: All patients ⩾60 years admitted with a native or periprosthetic femoral fracture during July 2016-June 2018 were identified using our hospital database.