Enzymatic Upgrading of Biomass-Derived Aldoses to Rare Deoxy Ketoses Catalyzed by Transketolase Variants.

A sustainable, convenient, scalable, one-step method for the two-carbon chain elongation of cheap and biomass-derived pentoses (l-arabinose, and 2-deoxy-d-ribose) and hexose l-rhamnose was developed to produce C deoxy ketoses (C-7 and C-8) using transketolase, an enzyme catalyzing the quasi-irreversible transfer of a ketol group from an α-keto acid to an aldehyde. Deoxygenated ketoses - commonly obtained by chemical synthesis - were afforded through a suitable combination of both nucleophile and electrophile substrates in the presence of rationally designed TK variants. Pyruvate as nucleophile with pentose l-arabinose (C-5) as electrophile gave 1-deoxy-L-gluco-heptulose (C-7), while ß-hydroxypyruvate (HPA) as nucleophile with acceptors 2-deoxy-d-ribose (C-5) and 6-deoxy-l-mannose (l-rhamnose) (C-6) led to formation of 4-deoxy-d-altro-heptulose (C-7) and 8-deoxy-l-glycero-l-galacto-octulose (C-8), respectively.

Fostamatinib for Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 and Hypoxemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Fostamatinib, a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to improve outcomes of COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and hypoxemia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, phase 3, placebo-controlled, double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at 41 US sites and 21 international sites between November 17, 2021, and September 27, 2023; the last follow-up visit was December 31, 2023.

Monitoring of Ammonium and Nitrate Ions in Soil Using Ion-Sensitive Potentiometric Microsensors.

Focusing on the ChemFET (chemical field-effect transistor) technology, the development of a multi-microsensor platform for soil analysis is described in this work. Thus, different FET-based microdevices (i.e.

Shock prediction with dipeptidyl peptidase-3 and renin (SPiDeR) in hypoxemic patients with COVID-19.

Background: Plasma dipeptidyl peptidase-3 (DPP3) and renin levels are associated with organ dysfunction and mortality. However, whether these biomarkers are associated with the subsequent onset of shock in at-risk patients is unknown.

Methods: Using plasma samples collected from participants enrolled in the fourth Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines Host Tissue platform trial, we measured DPP3 and renin in 184 subjects hospitalized with acute hypoxemia from COVID-19 without baseline vasopressor requirement.

Paradigm shift in France in the medical care of children with genital development variations: Medical care for children with genital development variations in France.

In 2021, for the first time, a legal framework organizing the care of children with a variation in genital development (VGD), sometimes referred to as "intersex children" or "children with differences in sex development" (DSD), was introduced in France (article L. 2131-6 of the Code of Public Health). It should be immediately apparent that the chosen term, "variation" rather than "anomalies" or "disorders" - which was previously used in the medical world - reflects a political will to renew both the way of thinking and the medical practices in this field.

Bioactive Insecticides from Chemometric Diverse Ant-Associated Symbionts and against the Fall Armyworm Larvae.

The genus has long been recognized as a prolific and valuable source of diverse secondary metabolites. These metabolites contribute significantly to the intricate chemical diversity exhibited by , making them an indispensable reservoir for drug discovery, agricultural applications, and industrial processes. Exploiting the potential of these natural compounds holds the promise of ushering in a new era in insect pest management, reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals and fostering ecologically sustainable solutions.

Annealing 1,2,4-triazine to iridium(III) complexes induces luminogenic behaviour in bioorthogonal reactions with strained alkynes.

A phenanthroline-type ligand containing an annealed 1,2,4-triazine ring was used to prepare novel Ir(III) complexes 3 and 4. The complexes are non-luminescent but show luminogenic behaviour following the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction with bicyclononyne (BCN) derivatives. It was observed that the complexes react with BCN-C10 faster than the corresponding free ligands.

Elevated glycolytic metabolism of monocytes limits the generation of HIF1A-driven migratory dendritic cells in tuberculosis.

During tuberculosis (TB), migration of dendritic cells (DCs) from the site of infection to the draining lymph nodes is known to be impaired, hindering the rapid development of protective T-cell-mediated immunity. However, the mechanisms involved in the delayed migration of DCs during TB are still poorly defined. Here, we found that infection of DCs with (Mtb) triggers HIF1A-mediated aerobic glycolysis in a TLR2-dependent manner, and that this metabolic profile is essential for DC migration.

Comparison of pregnancy outcomes after bariatric surgery by sleeve gastrectomy versus gastric bypass.

Objective: Bariatric surgery has an impact on subsequent pregnancies, in particular an association between gastric bypass and small for gestational age. Knowledge is lacking on whether sleeve gastrectomy is associated with more favorable pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to compare the impact of sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA), and of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Feasibility of performing treadmill walking test for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease by the advanced practice nurses.

Aim: The treadmill walking test with post-exercise pressure measurement can be used as a diagnostic test and could classify peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs. It can also exclude the diagnosis allowing to raise the possibility of differential diagnoses. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of performing treadmill test by advanced practice nurse to assess suspected lower extremity peripheral artery disease patients.

Repurposing N-acetylcysteine for management of non-acetaminophen induced acute liver failure: an evidence scan from a global health perspective.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO)'s Essential Medicines List (EML) plays an important role in advocating for access to key treatments for conditions affecting people in all geographic settings. We applied our established drug repurposing methods to one EML agent, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), to identify additional uses of relevance to the global health community beyond its existing EML indication (acetaminophen toxicity).

Methods: We undertook a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of a variant in the glutathione synthetase () gene in approximately 35,000 patients to explore novel indications for use of NAC, which targets glutathione.

Temporal variations of antimicrobial resistance genes in aerosols: A one-year monitoring at the puy de Dôme summit (Central France).

The recent characterization of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in clouds evidenced that the atmosphere actively partakes in the global spreading of antibiotic resistance worldwide. Indeed, the outdoor atmosphere continuously receives large quantities of particles of biological origins, emitted from both anthropogenic or natural sources at the near Earth's surface. Nonetheless, our understanding of the composition of the atmospheric resistome, especially at mid-altitude (i.

Tolerability of sublingual versus vestibular allergy immunotherapy tablet administration: A randomized pilot study.

Background: Local application site reactions are common with sublingual allergy immunotherapy (AIT)-tablets for the treatment of allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis (AR/C) and occasionally lead to treatment discontinuation. Because of the lower mast cell density in the vestibular mucosa than the sublingual area, vestibular AIT-tablet administration may result in fewer adverse events (AEs). This pilot study evaluated the tolerability of the vestibular administration route of AIT-tablets compared with the sublingual route in adult subjects with AR/C.

Taking AIM at serious illness: implementing an access to investigational medicines expanded access program.

When seriously ill patients have exhausted all treatment options available as part of usual care, the use of investigational agents may be warranted. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Expanded Access (EA) pathway provides a mechanism for these patient's physicians to pursue use of an investigational agent outside of a clinical trial when trial enrollment is not a feasible option. Though FDA has recently implemented processes to significantly streamline the regulatory portion of the process, the overall pathway has several time-consuming components including communication with the pharmaceutical company and the associated institutional requirements for EA use (contracting, Institutional Review Board [IRB], pharmacy, billing).

Effect of subtherapeutic and therapeutic sulfamethazine concentrations on transcribed genes and translated proteins involved in Microbacterium sp. C448 resistance and degradation.

Microbacterium sp. C448, isolated from a soil regularly exposed to sulfamethazine (SMZ), can use various sulphonamide antibiotics as the sole carbon source for growth. The basis for the regulation of genes encoding the sulphonamide metabolism pathway, the dihydropteroate synthase sulphonamide target (folP), and the sulphonamide resistance (sul1) genes is unknown in this organism.

Comparison of microbial colonization between natural and plastic substrata in a polluted watershed.

Plastic pollution represents a threat for biological communities and the ecological functions they provide in river ecosystems. In this study, we compared the microbial colonization of two plastics (biodegradable and non-biodegradable) and three natural substrata (leaves, sediment, and rocks) in two study sites of an urbanized watershed differing in their plastic-contamination degree (upstream and downstream). The density and diversity of bacterial, fungal, and algal communities, as well as the extracellular enzymatic activities β-glucosidase (GLU), N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), and phosphatase (PHO), were analysed in each substrata and site over a 4-week colonization experiment.

The aeromicrobiome: the selective and dynamic outer-layer of the Earth's microbiome.

The atmosphere is an integral component of the Earth's microbiome. Abundance, viability, and diversity of microorganisms circulating in the air are determined by various factors including environmental physical variables and intrinsic and biological properties of microbes, all ranging over large scales. The aeromicrobiome is thus poorly understood and difficult to predict due to the high heterogeneity of the airborne microorganisms and their properties, spatially and temporally.

Renin-Angiotensin System Modulation With Synthetic Angiotensin (1-7) and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Biased Ligand in Adults With COVID-19: Two Randomized Clinical Trials.

Importance: Preclinical models suggest dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection may increase the relative activity of angiotensin II compared with angiotensin (1-7) and may be an important contributor to COVID-19 pathophysiology.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of RAS modulation using 2 investigational RAS agents, TXA-127 (synthetic angiotensin [1-7]) and TRV-027 (an angiotensin II type 1 receptor-biased ligand), that are hypothesized to potentiate the action of angiotensin (1-7) and mitigate the action of the angiotensin II.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Two randomized clinical trials including adults hospitalized with acute COVID-19 and new-onset hypoxemia were conducted at 35 sites in the US between July 22, 2021, and April 20, 2022; last follow-up visit: July 26, 2022.

Quantum Vacuum Excitation of a Quasinormal Mode in an Analog Model of Black Hole Spacetime.

Vacuum quantum fluctuations near horizons are known to yield correlated emission by the Hawking effect. We use a driven-dissipative quantum fluid of microcavity polaritons as an analog model of a quantum field theory on a black-hole spacetime and numerically calculate correlated emission. We show that, in addition to the Hawking effect at the sonic horizon, quantum fluctuations may result in a sizable stationary excitation of a quasinormal mode of the field theory.

Evaluating automated electronic case report form data entry from electronic health records.

Background: Many clinical trials leverage real-world data. Typically, these data are manually abstracted from electronic health records (EHRs) and entered into electronic case report forms (CRFs), a time and labor-intensive process that is also error-prone and may miss information. Automated transfer of data from EHRs to eCRFs has the potential to reduce data abstraction and entry burden as well as improve data quality and safety.

Comparative evaluation of socioeconomic insecurity in peripheral and coronary artery disease patients.

Background: Cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of death worldwide. Socioeconomic deprivation is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We have previously shown that precariousness was more frequent in symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients than in the general population.

High-quality genome of the basidiomycete yeast Dioszegia hungarica PDD-24b-2 isolated from cloud water.

The genome of the basidiomycete yeast Dioszegia hungarica strain PDD-24b-2 isolated from cloud water at the summit of puy de Dôme (France) was sequenced using a hybrid PacBio and Illumina sequencing strategy. The obtained assembled genome of 20.98 Mb and a GC content of 57% is structured in 16 large-scale contigs ranging from 90 kb to 5.