Implementing and Evaluating a National Integrated Digital Registry and Clinical Decision Support System in Early Intervention in Psychosis Services (Early Psychosis Informatics Into Care): Co-Designed Protocol.

Background: Early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services are nationally mandated in England to provide multidisciplinary care to people experiencing first-episode psychosis, which disproportionately affects deprived and ethnic minority youth. Quality of service provision varies by region, and people from historically underserved populations have unequal access. In other disease areas, including stroke and dementia, national digital registries coupled with clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have revolutionized the delivery of equitable, evidence-based interventions to transform patient outcomes and reduce population-level disparities in care.

Longitudinal comparison of the self-administered ALSFRS-RSE and ALSFRS-R as functional outcome measures in ALS.

Objective: Test the feasibility, adherence rates and optimal frequency of digital, remote assessments using the ALSFRS-RSE via a customized smartphone-based app.

Methods: This fully remote, longitudinal study was conducted over a 24-week period, with virtual visits every 3 months and weekly digital assessments. 19 ALS participants completed digital assessments via smartphone, including a digital version of the ALSFRS-RSE and mood survey.

A Pilot Study of the Coping Together Virtual Family Intervention: Exploring Changes in Family Functioning and Individual Well-Being.

In this pilot study, we tested a virtual family strengthening and mental health promotion intervention, Coping Together (CT), during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored changes at the family and individual levels, as well as mechanisms of change. Participants included 18 families (24 caregivers, 24 youth) with children aged 7 to 18 years.

Modeling the extracellular matrix in cell migration and morphogenesis: a guide for the curious biologist.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly complex structure through which biochemical and mechanical signals are transmitted. In processes of cell migration, the ECM also acts as a scaffold, providing structural support to cells as well as points of potential attachment. Although the ECM is a well-studied structure, its role in many biological processes remains difficult to investigate comprehensively due to its complexity and structural variation within an organism.

I'll Never Give Up: A Qualitative Study of Caregivers' Perceptions and Decisional Processes When Feeding Infants and Toddlers Novel and Disliked Foods.

Objective: To better understand caregivers' decisional processes related to offering novel and disliked foods to their infants and toddlers.

Design: As part of a parent study on young children's food acceptance that took place in Denver, CO, this secondary analysis used a basic qualitative approach to explore caregivers' decisional processes related to repeated exposure and children's food rejection.

Participants: English-speaking caregivers of infants and toddlers (aged 6-24 months; n = 106) were recruited via flyers and social media and interviewed (from July, 2017 to January, 2018) during a laboratory visit focused on introducing a novel food.

Effects of rare kidney diseases on kidney failure: a longitudinal analysis of the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) cohort.

Background: Individuals with rare kidney diseases account for 5-10% of people with chronic kidney disease, but constitute more than 25% of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy. The National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) gathers longitudinal data from patients with these conditions, which we used to study disease progression and outcomes of death and kidney failure.

Methods: People aged 0-96 years living with 28 types of rare kidney diseases were recruited from 108 UK renal care facilities.

Sensitive remote homology search by local alignment of small positional embeddings from protein language models.

Accurately detecting distant evolutionary relationships between proteins remains an ongoing challenge in bioinformatics. Search methods based on primary sequence struggle to accurately detect homology between sequences with less than 20% amino acid identity. Profile- and structure-based strategies extend sensitive search capabilities into this twilight zone of sequence similarity but require slow pre-processing steps.

Multiple Discrimination and Substance Use Intention in Late Childhood: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate longitudinal, bidirectional associations between discrimination due to multiple reasons (race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, weight; termed multiple discrimination) and substance use (SU) intention in late childhood. These associations were compared across youth with no, single, and multiple (i.e.

Our Data, Our Question: Public-Centric Approaches to Administrative Data Analysis.

There is growing recognition of the importance of patient, public and community engagement in health research, which has not been used widely in analyzing health administrative datasets. In Ontario, health data are stewarded by ICES, whose strategic decision making is guided by a diverse Public Advisory Council (PAC). In a first foray into publicly led projects, the ICES PAC undertook an analysis project on mental health and addiction health service use.

Overview of the Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) Field Experiment.

The Alaskan Layered Pollution And Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) field experiment was a collaborative study designed to improve understanding of pollution sources and chemical processes during winter (cold climate and low-photochemical activity), to investigate indoor pollution, and to study dispersion of pollution as affected by frequent temperature inversions. A number of the research goals were motivated by questions raised by residents of Fairbanks, Alaska, where the study was held. This paper describes the measurement strategies and the conditions encountered during the January and February 2022 field experiment, and reports early examples of how the measurements addressed research goals, particularly those of interest to the residents.

25 year trends in cancer incidence and mortality among adults aged 35-69 years in the UK, 1993-2018: retrospective secondary analysis.

Objective: To examine and interpret trends in UK cancer incidence and mortality for all cancers combined and for the most common cancer sites in adults aged 35-69 years.

Design: Retrospective secondary data analysis.

Data Sources: Cancer registration data, cancer mortality and national population data from the Office for National Statistics, Public Health Wales, Public Health Scotland, Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, NHS England, and the General Register Office for Northern Ireland.

Defining the key clinician skills and attributes for competency in managing patients with osteoporosis and fragility fractures.

Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are managed by clinicians across many medical specialties. The key competencies of clinicians delivering bone health care have not been systematically established. We aimed to develop a decision rule to define the threshold of adequate skills and attributes associated with clinical competency in bone health for a clinician serving as a referral source for bone health care.

Midlife sensory and motor functions improve prediction of blood-based measures of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease in late middle-age.

Introduction: We assessed whether midlife sensory and motor functions added to prediction models using the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia Score (CAIDE) and Framingham Risk Score (FRS) improve risk predictions of 10-year changes in biomarkers of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: Longitudinal data of  = 1529 (mean age 49years) Beaver Dam Offspring Study participants from baseline, 5-year, and 10-year follow-up were included. We tested whether including baseline sensory (hearing, vision, olfactory) impairment and motor function measures improves CAIDE or FRS risk predictions of 10-year incidence of biomarker positivity of serum-based neurofilament light chain (NfL) and amyloid beta (Aβ)/Aβ using logistic regression.

Physiological Stress Responses to a Live-Fire Training Evolution in Career Structural Firefighters.

Objective: This study assessed firefighters' physiological stress response to a live fire training evolution (LFTE).

Methods: Seventy-six ( n = 76) firefighters completed an LFTE. Salivary samples were collected pre-, immediately post, and 30-min post-LFTE and analyzed for α-amylase (AA), cortisol (CORT), and secretory immunoglobulin-A (SIgA).

Losing lemurs: Declining populations and land cover changes over space and time.

Forest loss and degradation due to land cover changes imperil biodiversity worldwide. Subtropical and tropical ecosystems experience high deforestation rates, negatively affecting species like primates. Madagascar's endemic lemurs face exceptionally high risks of population declines and extirpation.

Developing and validating the Unhurried Conversations Assessment Tool (UCAT).

Objective: Given the importance of unhurried conversations for providing careful and kind care, we sought to create, test, and validate the Unhurried Conversations Assessment Tool (UCAT) for assessing the unhurriedness of patient-clinician consultations.

Methods: In the first two phases, the unhurried conversation dimensions were identified and transformed into an assessment tool. In the third phase, two independent raters used UCAT to evaluate the unhurriedness of 100 randomly selected consultations from 184 videos recorded for a large research trial.

Biomarker analysis from the phase 2b randomized placebo-controlled trial of riociguat in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.

Objective: To examine disease and target engagement biomarkers in the RISE-SSc trial of riociguat in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis and their potential to predict the response to treatment.

Methods: Patients were randomized to riociguat (n = 60) or placebo (n = 61) for 52 weeks. Skin biopsies and plasma/serum samples were obtained at baseline and week 14.

Structural basis of directional switching by the bacterial flagellum.

The bacterial flagellum is a macromolecular protein complex that harvests energy from uni-directional ion flow across the inner membrane to power bacterial swimming via rotation of the flagellar filament. Rotation is bi-directional, with binding of a cytoplasmic chemotactic response regulator controlling reversal, though the structural and mechanistic bases for rotational switching are not well understood. Here we present cryoelectron microscopy structures of intact Salmonella flagellar basal bodies (3.

Deep Learning-based Segmentation of Computed Tomography Scans Predicts Disease Progression and Mortality in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Despite evidence demonstrating a prognostic role for computed tomography (CT) scans in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), image-based biomarkers are not routinely used in clinical practice or trials. To develop automated imaging biomarkers using deep learning-based segmentation of CT scans. We developed segmentation processes for four anatomical biomarkers, which were applied to a unique cohort of treatment-naive patients with IPF enrolled in the PROFILE (Prospective Observation of Fibrosis in the Lung Clinical Endpoints) study and tested against a further United Kingdom cohort.

Surgical Margins in Musculoskeletal Sarcoma.

» Negative margin resection of musculoskeletal sarcomas is associated with reduced risk of local recurrence.» There is limited evidence to support an absolute margin width of soft tissue or bone that correlates with reduced risk of local recurrence.» Factors intrinsic to the tumor, including histologic subtype, grade, growth pattern and neurovascular involvement impact margin status and local recurrence, and should be considered when evaluating a patient's individual risk after positive margins.