Sugar, salt, immunity and the cause of primary hypertension.

Despite its discovery more than 150 years ago, the cause of primary hypertension remains unknown. Most studies suggest that hypertension involves genetic, congenital or acquired risk factors that result in a relative inability of the kidney to excrete salt (sodium chloride) in the kidneys. Here we review recent studies that suggest there may be two phases, with an initial phase driven by renal vasoconstriction that causes low-grade ischemia to the kidney, followed by the infiltration of immune cells that leads to a local autoimmune reaction that maintains the renal vasoconstriction.

ROSEWOOD: A Phase II Randomized Study of Zanubrutinib Plus Obinutuzumab Versus Obinutuzumab Monotherapy in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma.

Purpose: The combination of zanubrutinib plus obinutuzumab (ZO) was found to be well tolerated with an early signal of efficacy in a phase Ib study. ROSEWOOD is a phase II, randomized study that assessed the efficacy and safety of ZO versus obinutuzumab in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL).

Methods: Patients with R/R FL who had received ≥2 lines of therapy, including an anti-CD20 antibody and an alkylating agent, were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive ZO or obinutuzumab (O).

Modulation of type I interferon responses potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in rhesus macaques.

Type I interferons (IFN-I) are critical mediators of innate control of viral infections but also drive the recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of infection, a key feature of severe coronavirus disease 2019. Here, IFN-I signaling was modulated in rhesus macaques (RMs) before and during acute SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection using a mutated IFN-α2 (IFN-modulator; IFNmod), which has previously been shown to reduce the binding and signaling of endogenous IFN-I. IFNmod treatment in uninfected RMs was observed to induce a modest up-regulation of only antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs); however, in SARS-CoV-2-infected RMs, IFNmod reduced both antiviral and inflammatory ISGs.

CTD tetramers: a new online tool that computationally links curated chemicals, genes, phenotypes, and diseases to inform molecular mechanisms for environmental health.

The molecular mechanisms connecting environmental exposures to adverse endpoints are often unknown, reflecting knowledge gaps. At the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), we developed a bioinformatics approach that integrates manually curated, literature-based interactions from CTD to generate a "CGPD-tetramer": a 4-unit block of information organized as a step-wise molecular mechanism linking an initiating Chemical, an interacting Gene, a Phenotype, and a Disease outcome. Here, we describe a novel, user-friendly tool called CTD Tetramers that generates these evidence-based CGPD-tetramers for any curated chemical, gene, phenotype, or disease of interest.

The fructose survival hypothesis for obesity.

The fructose survival hypothesis proposes that obesity and metabolic disorders may have developed from over-stimulation of an evolutionary-based biologic response (survival switch) that aims to protect animals of crisis. The response is characterized by hunger, thirst, foraging, weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and increased blood pressure. The process is initiated by the ingestion of fructose or by stimulating endogenous fructose production via the polyol pathway.

A 10-Year Report on the Trends of Osteopathic Medical Students (OMS) in Osteopathic Orthopaedic Residency over the Past Decade.

Objectives: Osteopathic match rates in competitive specialties, such as orthopaedics, have been under intense scrutiny. This study aimed to quantify trends in the characteristics of Osteopathic Orthopaedic Surgical Residency training and education from graduating classes of 2010-2020.

Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation of a large, longitudinally maintained database of the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) from orthopaedic residency graduating classes of 2010-2020.

SH2 domain protein E (SHE) and ABL signaling regulate blood vessel size.

Blood vessels in different vascular beds vary in lumen diameter, which is essential for their function and fluid flow along the vascular network. Molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of a vascular lumen of appropriate size, or tubulogenesis, are still only partially understood. protein was previously identified in a screen for proteins that interact with Abelson (Abl)-kinase.

Surgical Outcomes by Early Airway Endoscopy Findings after Pediatric Staged Laryngotracheoplasty.

Objectives: To determine how initial postoperative airway endoscopy findings after stent removal predict successful decannulation in children undergoing double-staged laryngotracheoplasty (dsLTP). Secondary objectives assessed timing of decannulation and number of endoscopic interventions needed after dsLTP.

Methods: A case series with chart review included children who underwent dsLTP at a tertiary children's hospital between 2008 and 2021.

Mild Cognitive Impairment is Associated with Poorer Everyday Decision Making.

Background: Older adults are faced with many unique and highly consequential decisions such as those related to finances, healthcare, and everyday functioning (e.g., driving cessation).

Bias correction and spatial disaggregation of satellite-based data for the detection of rainfall seasonality indices.

Like many other African countries, Ghana's rain gauge networks are rapidly deteriorating, making it challenging to obtain real-time rainfall estimates. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development and availability of real-time satellite precipitation products (SPPs). SPPs may complement or substitute gauge data, enabling better real-time forecasting of stream flows, among other things.

Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with type 1 diabetes management: A single arm non-randomised clinical trial.

Public interest in low-carbohydrate (LC) diets for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management has increased. This study compared the effects of a healthcare professional delivered LC diet compared to habitual diets higher in carbohydrates on clinical outcomes in adults with T1D. Twenty adults (18-70 yrs) with T1D (≥6 months duration) with suboptimal glycaemic control (HbA1c>7.

Longitudinal changes of health-related quality of life in childhood chronic kidney disease.

Background: Few longitudinal studies have evaluated the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) duration on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The study's aim was to determine how HRQOL changes over time in childhood CKD.

Methods: Study participants were children in the chronic kidney disease in children (CKiD) cohort who completed the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL) on three or more occasions over the course of two or more years.

Assessment of the Cardiac Noncoding Transcriptome by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies , a Conserved Profibrogenic Long Noncoding RNA.

Background: Cardiac fibroblasts have crucial roles in the heart. In particular, fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts in the damaged myocardium, contributing to scar formation and interstitial fibrosis. Fibrosis is associated with heart dysfunction and failure.

Omicron Spike confers enhanced infectivity and interferon resistance to SARS-CoV-2 in human nasal tissue.

Omicron emerged following COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, displaced previous SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern worldwide, and gave rise to lineages that continue to spread. Here, we show that Omicron exhibits increased infectivity in primary adult upper airway tissue relative to Delta. Using recombinant forms of SARS-CoV-2 and nasal epithelial cells cultured at the liquid-air interface, enhanced infectivity maps to the step of cellular entry and evolved recently through mutations unique to Omicron Spike.

The Impact of Pediatric CKD on Educational and Employment Outcomes.

Key Points: This study evaluates educational and employment outcomes in patients with pediatric kidney disease and assesses predictors of educational attainment and employment in young adulthood. Despite high rates of high school graduation, nearly 20% of patients with CKD are unemployed or receiving disability at long-term follow-up.

Background: Pediatric patients with CKD are at risk for neurocognitive deficits and academic underachievement.

How Often Does Apical Sparing of Longitudinal Strain Indicate the Presence of Cardiac Amyloidosis?

Echocardiographic diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is frequently suggested by the presence of a left ventricular (LV) apical sparing pattern (ASP) on longitudinal strain (LS) assessment, the so-called "cherry on top" pattern, defined by strain magnitude preserved exclusively at the apex. However, it is unclear how frequently this strain pattern truly represents CA. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of ASP in the diagnosis of CA.

Maternal Mental Health and Children's Problem Behaviours: A Bi-directional Relationship?

Transactional theory and the coercive family process model have illustrated how the parent-child relationship is reciprocal. Emerging research using advanced statistical methods has examined these theories, but further investigations are necessary. In this study, we utilised linked health data on maternal mental health disorders and explored their relationship with child problem behaviours via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for over 13 years.

The effects of targeted vagus nerve stimulation on glucose homeostasis in STZ-induced diabetic rodents.

During type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune attack destroys pancreatic β-cells leading to the inability to maintain glucose homeostasis. These β-cells are neuroresponsive endocrine cells which normally secrete insulin partially in response to input from the vagus nerve. This neural pathway can be utilized as a point of therapeutic intervention by delivering exogenous stimulation to drive increased insulin secretion.

Changes in Cerebrovascular Procedures and Outcomes During COVID-19 Using the National Surgery Quality Improvement Project.

Objective: Explore the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) on patients suffering from cerebrovascular disorders necessitating interventions.

Methods: Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, patients with cerebrovascular disease who underwent procedures before (2018-2019) and during (2020-2021) COVID-19 were identified. ICD-10 and Current Procedure Terminology codes were employed to classify diseases and elective cases, respectively.

Accelerated absorption of regular insulin administered via a vascularizing permeable microchamber implanted subcutaneously in diabetic Rattus norvegicus.

In Type 1 diabetes patients, even ultra-rapid acting insulins injected subcutaneously reach peak concentrations in 45 minutes or longer. The lag time between dosing and peak concentration, as well as intra- and inter-subject variability, render prandial glucose control and dose consistency difficult. We postulated that insulin absorption from subcutaneously implantable vascularizing microchambers would be significantly faster than conventional subcutaneous injection.