Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation Following Cardiac Arrest: a Secondary Analysis of the DEVICE Trial.

Background: Airway management is a critical component of the care of patients experiencing cardiac arrest, but data from randomized trials on the use of video vs direct laryngoscopy for intubation in the setting of cardiac arrest are limited. Current AHA guidelines recommend placement of an endotracheal tube either during CPR or shortly after return of spontaneous circulation but do not provide guidance around intubation methods, including the choice of laryngoscope.

Research Question: Does use of video laryngoscopy improve the incidence of successful intubation on the first attempt, compared to use of direct laryngoscopy, among adults undergoing tracheal intubation after experiencing cardiac arrest?

Study Design And Methods: This secondary analysis of the Direct versus Video Laryngoscope (DEVICE) trial compared video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in the subgroup of patients who were intubated following cardiac arrest.

Survival and Neurocognitive Outcomes After Noncardiac Illness Indications for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Young Children.

This referral center prospective inception cohort study included 84 consecutive children having extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for noncardiac illness indications at the age of less than 6 years from 2000 to 2017. Long-term outcomes were survival, neurocognitive (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence) and functional (General Adaptive Composite) scores, and disability, with optimal outcome defined as scores greater than or equal to 80 and without disability. Age at cannulation was 551 (standard deviation [SD] = 571) days, 40 (47.

Post-Traumatic Stress in Mothers of Children Having Complex Cardiac Surgery Early in Life.

To determine: (i) frequency of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mothers of infants after complex cardiac surgery (CCS), (ii) predictors of probable PTSD, and (iii) impact on child neurodevelopment. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was administered to 60 mothers of infants ≥ 6 months after CCS at ≤ 6 weeks of age. The IES-R measures response to a specific traumatic event: Scores < 24, no concern; 24-32, clinical concern; and ≥ 33, probable diagnosis of PTSD.

Tiny but mighty: small molecules as vaccine adjuvants.

Screening small molecule (SM) libraries now replaces traditional methods for vaccine adjuvant discovery. A study by Soni et al. highlights the use of primary human cells in high-throughput screening (HTS), leading to the discovery of a novel SM TLR7/8 agonist, PVP-037.

Behaviour Concerns in Preschool Cardiac Surgery Survivors.

Background: Behaviour concerns (BC) are reported in survivors of complex cardiac surgery (CCSx) with inconsistent evidence about health and demographic variables that impact outcomes.

Methods: A prospective inception-cohort study of infants (without known chromosomal abnormalities) after CCSx from 2001 to 2017 determined Behaviour Assessment System for Children (BASC-II/III) parent rating scales at 4.5 years.

Rapid normalization of vitamin D deficiency in PICU (VITdALIZE-KIDS): study protocol for a phase III, multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: The rate of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in critically ill children worldwide has been estimated at 50%. These children are at risk of multiple organ dysfunction, chronic morbidity, and decreased health related quality of life (HRQL). Pediatric and adult ICU clinical trials suggest that VDD is associated with worse clinical outcomes, although data from supplementation trials are limited and inconclusive.

The Discover In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (Discover IHCA) Study: An Investigation of Hospital Practices After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Importance: In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is a significant public health burden. Rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) have been improving, but the best way to care for patients after the initial resuscitation remains poorly understood, and improvements in survival to discharge are stagnant. Existing North American cardiac arrest databases lack comprehensive data on the post-resuscitation period, and we do not know current post-IHCA practice patterns.

An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Between Emotion Regulation and Emotional Labor.

The expression of contextually appropriate emotions in the workplace is critical to fostering effective interpersonal interactions. What constitutes an appropriate emotional expression is determined by the display rules an employee perceives. Within the emotional labor framework, the management of emotional expression at work (i.

Evaluating associations between patient-to-nurse ratios and mortality, process of care events and vital sign documentation on paediatric wards: a secondary analysis of data from the EPOCH cluster-randomised trial.

Objective: To describe the associations between patient-to-nurse staffing ratios and rates of mortality, process of care events and vital sign documentation.

Design: Secondary analysis of data from the evaluating processes of care and outcomes of children in hospital (EPOCH) cluster-randomised trial.

Setting: 22 hospitals caring for children in Canada, Europe and New Zealand.

Real-world evidence of sotrovimab effectiveness for preventing severe outcomes in patients with COVID-19: A quality improvement propensity-matched retrospective cohort study of a pan-provincial program in Alberta, Canada.

Objectives: Post-marketing surveillance of sotrovimab's effect during implementation in the Canadian population is limited.

Methods: The study used a propensity score-matched retrospective cohort design. Follow-up began between the periods of December 15, 2021 and April 30 2022.

Differences in gross motor and fine motor outcomes for toddlers after early complex cardiac surgery.

Objectives: To determine whether gross motor scores of toddlers after complex cardiac surgery were different from fine motor scores and were adequately represented by motor composite scores and, whether acute care predictors and chronic childhood health markers of gross motor scores differed from those of fine motor.

Methods: This prospective inception-cohort outcomes study included 171 toddlers after complex cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass at age <6 months, born in Northern Alberta from 2009 to 2019, and without known chromosomal abnormalities. At a mean (standard deviation) age of 21.

The Alberta Infant Motor Scale as an Outcomes Measure of Gross Motor Abilities after Early Complex Cardiac Surgery.

To address the research hypothesis that the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) completed following complex cardiac surgery (CCS) is a useful outcomes measure this study determined: (1) AIMS scores at age 8 months after CCS; (2) predictive validity of AIMS at 8 months for Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III Gross Motor-scaled scores (GMSS) and diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) at 21 months; and (3) predictive demographic and surgical variables of AIMS scores. A prospective cohort study of 250/271 (92.3%) surviving children from Northern Alberta (born 2009-2020) who had CCS at age < 6 months determined AIMS scores at age mean (SD) 8.

Long COVID as a functional somatic symptom disorder caused by abnormally precise prior expectations during Bayesian perceptual processing: A new hypothesis and implications for pandemic response.

This review proposes a model of Long-COVID where the constellation of symptoms are in fact genuinely experienced persistent physical symptoms that are usually functional in nature and therefore potentially reversible, that is, Long-COVID is a somatic symptom disorder. First, we describe what is currently known about Long-COVID in children and adults. Second, we examine reported "Long-Pandemic" effects that create a risk for similar somatic symptoms to develop in non-COVID-19 patients.

Should the Criterion for Brain Death Require Irreversible or Permanent Cessation of Function? Irreversible: The UDDA Revision Series.

I argue that death is irreversible and not merely permanent. Irreversible means a state be reversed and entails permanence. Permanent means a state be reversed and includes cases where the state could still be reversed though a decision has been made not to attempt this reversal.

Infants less than or equal to 2.5 kg have increased mortality and worse motor neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age after Norwood-Sano palliation.

Objectives: In infants with single-ventricle congenital heart disease, prematurity and low weight at the time of the Norwood operation are risk factors for mortality. Reports assessing outcomes (including neurodevelopment) post Norwood palliation in infants ≤2.5 kg are limited.

Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.

Background: Whether video laryngoscopy as compared with direct laryngoscopy increases the likelihood of successful tracheal intubation on the first attempt among critically ill adults is uncertain.

Methods: In a multicenter, randomized trial conducted at 17 emergency departments and intensive care units (ICUs), we randomly assigned critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation to the video-laryngoscope group or the direct-laryngoscope group. The primary outcome was successful intubation on the first attempt.