Recognizing and Resisting Ableist Language in Schools: Suggestions for School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists and Related Professionals.

Purpose: The language that school professionals use to describe disabled students can reveal and perpetuate ableist assumptions. Professionals' language choices can also challenge ableist attitudes to help create more inclusive, equitable learning environments. This tutorial seeks to guide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and other school professionals to identify ableist language, understand the ableist ideologies that such language reveals, and develop strategies to implement ways of communicating with and about disabled students that align with an anti-ableist stance.

Urology HEIRS: A Feasibility and Acceptability Study for Video-Based Research on Physician-Family Communication in Pediatric Urology Visits.

Purpose: Patient- and family-centered communication is essential to health care equity. However, less is known about how urologists implement evidence-based communication and dynamics involved in caring for diverse pediatric patients and caregivers. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability using video-based research to characterize physician-family communication in pediatric urology.

Questions to promote child-centered care in racially discordant interactions in pediatric oncology.

Objective: To examine questioning practices in racially discordant interactions and describe how these practices engendered child-centered care.

Methods: We used applied conversation analysis to analyze a collection of 300 questions directed to children across 10 cases involving children of color and their families in disease reevaluation appointments in pediatric oncology.

Results: Our analysis generated two patterns: 1) both the pediatric oncologists' and caregivers built upon one another's talk to enable the child's conversational turn, and 2) the oncologists' reformulated requests as questions to invite the child's permission and cooperation for completing exams and understanding symptoms.

How student healthcare providers in a communication skills course respond to standardized patient resistance.

Encountering and responding to patient resistance can be especially challenging for student healthcare providers. Navigating who ultimately holds the authority to know and understand a health concern, make recommendations for a course of action, and accept or resist these recommendations are all part of how epistemic authority is negotiated in medical settings. The purpose of this paper is to systematically examine how student providers enrolled in a communication skills course at an American university responded to standardized patient resistance.

Soliciting children's views on other-perspectives in child mental health assessments.

Child mental health assessments are complex and involve the analysis of data from multiple sources to inform treatment decisions. Question sequences are central to mental health assessments; however, little research has examined the functions of questions in child mental health interactions, particularly questions that aim to elicit information from children that might be used to inform diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we utilize a large corpus of video-recorded child mental health assessments to examine the use and function of a particular kind of wh-question-circular questions-that is, questions that seek clients' views on other family members' feelings, actions, and thoughts.

The lived experiences of rural HIV social workers.

HIV service providers are the primary implementers of HIV care services, but rural HIV service providers are under researched. We used an interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore rural HIV service providers' lived experiences of working in HIV care, who work in a rural region of a Midwestern state in the United States. From July to August 2019, 15 HIV service providers participated in a one-hour semi-structured telephone interview that elicited their experiences working in the rural HIV care continuum.

Avoiding Ableist Language: Suggestions for Autism Researchers.

Unlabelled: In this commentary, we describe how language used to communicate about autism within much of autism research can reflect and perpetuate ableist ideologies (i.e., beliefs and practices that discriminate against people with disabilities), whether or not researchers intend to have such effects.

Assessing determinants of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence among a sample of rural Midwestern men who have sex with men (MSM).

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) efficacy in preventing HIV among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) is dependent upon adherence. Little is known about the PrEP adherence experiences among MSM who live in rural areas of the US. This qualitative study was informed by a modified version of Straussian Grounded Theory.

Challenges and contributors to self-efficacy for caregivers of toddlers with autism.

Parent-participatory early intervention practices are linked to parents' positive views of their own and their children's capabilities, beliefs that are associated with a range of parent and child outcomes. A qualitative study was conducted with 11 mothers of toddlers with autism who had experience with both professionally directed and parent-mediated early intervention. Participants were interviewed to explore their perspectives on their roles in relation to professionals and on how they viewed their ability to support their toddlers' social learning.

Parents' constructions of normality and pathology in child mental health assessments.

Central to a contemporary understanding of childhood is the developmental and clinical-medical construct of the 'normal' child. When judged to fall outside of culturally, socially and historically situated parameters of 'normality', children become labelled as 'deviant from the norm'; for instance, in mental health contexts where this may provide the basis for psychiatric diagnosis. However, judgements of a child's 'normality' are further complicated by the range of individuals who may have a stake in that construction, including parents/carers, professionals and the child themselves.

Agenda setting with children using the 'three wishes' technique.

The National Health Service (UK) offers initial screening appointments for children referred to child and adolescent mental health services to determine clinical need and assess risk. Conversation analysis was utilized on 28 video recordings of these assessments, lasting approximately 90 minutes each with a multidisciplinary team. This article focuses on the agenda setting strategies used to establish relevant goals with children and adolescents; specifically, the technique of offering 'three wishes'.

Discursive psychology as a method of analysis for the study of couple and family therapy.

The field of couple and family therapy has benefitted from evidence generated from qualitative approaches. Evidence developed from approaches relying on language and social interaction using naturally occurring recordings of real-world practice has the benefit of facilitating practice-based recommendations and informing practice. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of one approach to discourse analysis, Discursive Psychology (DP), demonstrating how a social constructionist framework and focus on discourse can provide an important contribution to the field of therapy.

Children's claims to knowledge regarding their mental health experiences and practitioners' negotiation of the problem.

Objective: The objective was to identify how children's knowledge positions were negotiated in child mental health assessments and how this was managed by the different parties.

Methods: The child psychiatry data consisted of 28 video-recorded assessments. A conversation analysis was undertaken to examine the interactional detail between the children, parents, and practitioners.

Removal of steroid estrogens from municipal wastewater in a pilot scale expanded granular sludge blanket reactor and anaerobic membrane bioreactor.

Anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater offers the prospect of a new paradigm by reducing aeration costs and minimizing sludge production. It has been successfully applied in warm climates, but does not always achieve the desired outcomes in temperate climates at the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values of municipal crude wastewater. Recently the concept of 'fortification' has been proposed to increase organic strength and has been demonstrated at the laboratory and pilot scale treating municipal wastewater at temperatures of 10-17°C.

Obtaining process mass balances of pharmaceuticals and triclosan to determine their fate during wastewater treatment.

To better understand pharmaceutical fate during wastewater treatment, analysis in both aqueous and particulate phases is needed. Reported herein is a multi-residue method for the determination of ten pharmaceutical drugs and the personal care product triclosan in wastewater matrices. Method quantitation limits ranged from 7.

Diagnostic investigation of steroid estrogen removal by activated sludge at varying solids retention time.

The impact of solids retention time (SRT) on estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) removal in an activated sludge plant (ASP) was examined using a pilot plant to closely control operation. Exsitu analytical methods were simultaneously used to enable discrimination of the dominant mechanisms governing estrogen removal following transitions in SRT from short (3d) to medium (10d) and long (27d) SRTs which broadly represent those encountered at full-scale. Total estrogen (∑EST, i.

Assessing potential modifications to the activated sludge process to improve simultaneous removal of a diverse range of micropollutants.

It is proposed that wastewater treatment facilities meet legislated discharge limits for a range of micropollutants. However, the heterogeneity of these micropollutants in wastewaters make removal difficult to predict since their chemistry is so diverse. In this study, a range of organic and inorganic micropollutants known to be preferentially removed via different mechanisms were selected to challenge the activated sludge process (ASP) and determine its potential to achieve simultaneous micropollutant removal.

Separating 'emotion' from 'the science': Exploring the perceived value of information for parents and families of children with autistic spectrum disorder.

Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a life-long condition. In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of children diagnosed with ASD and a greater recognition that parents need clear, accessible information communicated through different modalities. The objective of this research was to explore the views of stakeholders regarding their information needs, current information modalities and the perceived barriers and complexities of information.

Speciation and fate of copper in sewage treatment works with and without tertiary treatment: the effect of return flows.

The removal of metals from wastewaters is becoming an important issue, with new environmental quality standards putting increased regulatory pressure on operators of sewage treatment works. The use of additional processes (tertiary treatment) following two-stage biological treatment is frequently seen as a way of improving effluent quality for nutrients and suspended solids, and this study investigates the impact of how back washes from these tertiary processes may impact the removal of copper during primary sedimentation. Seven sites were studied, three conventional two-stage biological treatment, and four with tertiary processes.

Autism itself actually isn't a disability': Negotiating a 'normal' versus 'abnormal' autistic identity.

The opposing positions of the social model of disability and the biomedical framework of impairment have created tensions regarding what constitutes 'normality'. In this article, we drew upon focus group data of parents, professionals, and people with autism, to explore how the dilemmatic tensions of normality and abnormality and of disability and ability were managed. Our findings illustrate how the boundaries of normality in relation to autism are blurred, as well as how the autistic identity is fluid.

The determination of nonylphenol and its precursors in a trickling filter wastewater treatment process.

An ultra performance liquid chromatography method coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was developed to determine nonylphenol and 15 of its possible precursors (nonylphenol ethoxylates and nonylphenol carboxylates) in aqueous and particulate wastewater matrices. Final effluent method detection limits for all compounds ranged from 1.4 to 17.

Resource dependent biodegradation of estrogens and the role of ammonia oxidising and heterotrophic bacteria.

The influence of ammonia oxidising bacteria and bulk organic competition was assessed during laboratory scale activated sludge treatment. Under short and long hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solid retention time (SRT) conditions, bioreactors were supplied with synthetic sewage spiked with 0.04-2.