A Multidisciplinary Approach to Synovial Chondromatosis of the Temporomandibular Joint With Cranial Base Involvement: A Brief Review of the Literature and Case Report.

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is an infrequent, benign condition of unknown etiology affecting the synovium within articular joints. Often considered a metaplastic process, multiple cartilaginous nodules develop in the confines of the synovial membrane. In time, these cartilage nodules develop into fragments, sometimes detaching from the synovium and, thus, become loose in an adjacent synovial cavity.

Are Oral Pain and Otalgia Predictive of Perineural Invasion in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue?

Purpose: Tongue cancer is often associated with pain and perineural invasion. The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between tongue pain and otalgia and the microscopic identification of perineural invasion (PNI) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCCOT).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed of patients with a diagnosis of SCCOT from January 2013 through June 2019.

Margins for Benign Salivary Gland Neoplasms of the Head and Neck.

The proper ablation of any neoplasm of the head and neck requires the inclusion of linear and anatomic barrier margins surrounding the neoplasm. Extirpative surgery of the major and minor salivary glands is certainly no exception to this surgical principle. To this end, the selection and execution of the most appropriate ablative surgical procedure for a major or minor benign salivary gland neoplasm is an essential exercise in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Assembly, structure, function and regulation of type III secretion systems.

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are protein transport nanomachines that are found in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and symbionts. Resembling molecular syringes, T3SSs form channels that cross the bacterial envelope and the host cell membrane, which enable bacteria to inject numerous effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm and establish trans-kingdom interactions with diverse hosts. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy and integrative imaging have provided unprecedented views of the architecture and structure of T3SSs.

A forward genetic screen identifies a negative regulator of rapid Ca-dependent cell egress (MS1) in the intracellular parasite .

, like all apicomplexan parasites, uses Ca signaling pathways to activate gliding motility to power tissue dissemination and host cell invasion and egress. A group of "plant-like" Ca-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) transduces cytosolic Ca flux into enzymatic activity, but how they function is poorly understood. To investigate how Ca signaling activates egress through CDPKs, we performed a forward genetic screen to isolate gain-of-function mutants from an egress-deficient knockout strain.

Regulation of Starch Stores by a Ca(2+)-Dependent Protein Kinase Is Essential for Viable Cyst Development in Toxoplasma gondii.

Transmissible stages of Toxoplasma gondii store energy in the form of the carbohydrate amylopectin. Here, we show that the Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase CDPK2 is a critical regulator of amylopectin metabolism. Increased synthesis and loss of degradation of amylopectin in CDPK2 deficient parasites results in the hyperaccumulation of this sugar polymer.

Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome and the Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor.

Purpose: To analyze the clinical and radiographic manifestations of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) with a particular emphasis on the presence, treatment, and outcomes of keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KOTs) in these patients.

Patients And Methods: The authors implemented a prospective case series and enrolled a sample of patients with KOTs and NBCCS. The primary study variables were the demographics, treatment, and outcomes of managing KOTs in this sample.

Orphan nuclear receptor NR4A2 induces transcription of the immunomodulatory peptide hormone prolactin.

Background: Nuclear receptor 4A2 (NR4A2) is an orphan nuclear receptor and constitutively active transcription factor expressed at elevated levels in inflamed joint tissues from patients with arthritis. Inflammatory mediators rapidly and potently induce NR4A2 expression in resident joint cells and infiltrating immune cells. This receptor promotes synovial hyperplasia by increasing proliferation of synoviocytes and inducing transcription of matrix degrading enzymes and pro-inflammatory mediators.

TgCDPK3 regulates calcium-dependent egress of Toxoplasma gondii from host cells.

The phylum Apicomplexa comprises a group of obligate intracellular parasites of broad medical and agricultural significance, including Toxoplasma gondii and the malaria-causing Plasmodium spp. Key to their parasitic lifestyle is the need to egress from an infected cell, actively move through tissue, and reinvade another cell, thus perpetuating infection. Ca(2+)-mediated signaling events modulate key steps required for host cell egress, invasion and motility, including secretion of microneme organelles and activation of the force-generating actomyosin-based motor.

The principal fucosylated oligosaccharides of human milk exhibit prebiotic properties on cultured infant microbiota.

Breast-fed infant microbiota is typically rich in bifidobacteria. Herein, major human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) are assessed for their ability to promote the growth of bifidobacteria and to acidify their environment, key features of prebiotics. During in vitro anaerobic fermentation of infant microbiota, supplementation by HMOS significantly decreased the pH even greater than supplementation by fructooligosaccharide (FOS), a prebiotic positive control.

Calcium and repression in malaria sex: knowing when the time is right.

Translational repression is important for development of the malaria parasite when establishing infection in the mosquito. In this issue of Cell Host and Microbe, Sebastian et al. (2012) show that a calcium-dependent protein kinase is important for alleviating translational repression during developmental progression.

The use of multiple time point dynamic positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients with oral/head and neck cancer does not predictably identify metastatic cervical lymph nodes.

Purpose: To determine whether the time course of 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) activity in multiple consecutively obtained 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans predictably identifies metastatic cervical adenopathy in patients with oral/head and neck cancer. It is hypothesized that the activity will increase significantly over time only in those lymph nodes harboring metastatic cancer.

Patients And Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed whereby patients with oral/head and neck cancer underwent consecutive imaging at 9 time points with PET/CT from 60 to 115 minutes after injection with (18)F-FDG.

The SMART Platform: early experience enabling substitutable applications for electronic health records.

Objective: The Substitutable Medical Applications, Reusable Technologies (SMART) Platforms project seeks to develop a health information technology platform with substitutable applications (apps) constructed around core services. The authors believe this is a promising approach to driving down healthcare costs, supporting standards evolution, accommodating differences in care workflow, fostering competition in the market, and accelerating innovation.

Materials And Methods: The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, through the Strategic Health IT Advanced Research Projects (SHARP) Program, funds the project.

A recommendation algorithm for automating corollary order generation.

Manual development and maintenance of decision support content is time-consuming and expensive. We explore recommendation algorithms, e-commerce data-mining tools that use collective order history to suggest purchases, to assist with this. In particular, previous work shows corollary order suggestions are amenable to automated data-mining techniques.

Patient record 2.0: using structured clinical documents to provide ranked, relevant display of patient records.

The Continuity of Care Document (CCD), based on HL7 v3, provides a powerful framework to describe structured patient data. To date, few tools exist to manipulate the coded, non-text portions of this document. With documents produced from RMRS, we present a service that searches and displays CCD.

Enzymatic and chemical cleavage of fusion proteins.

This unit provides protocols for some commonly used methods of site-specific cleavage of fusion proteins. The first three protocols describe enzymatic cleavage of proteins using proteases (factor Xa, thrombin, and enterokinase) that display highly restricted specificities, which greatly decrease the likelihood that unwanted secondary cuts will occur. Three additional protocols describe specific cleavage of fusion proteins with chemical reagents (cyanogen bromide, hydroxylamine, and low pH) as an alternative to enzymatic cleavage.

Introduction to expression by fusion protein vectors.

This overview discusses issues involved with creating and manipulating vectors for expression of fusion proteins. The requirements for efficient translation include a promoter and a start codon, along with the fact that the mRNA encoding the protein to be expressed must contain a ribosome-binding site that is not blocked by mRNA secondary structure. The level of expression is also affected by codon preferences, and may be affected by the coding sequence in other ways that are not yet well understood.

Using evidence-based performance improvement in the community hospital setting.

Lack of research expertise and participation in the nonacademic setting hinders evidence-based performance improvement in community hospitals. Research opportunities are limited in small hospitals, and staff nurses often are unfamiliar with research terminology and practice. This article explores one community hospitals success in bringing a research focus into its performance improvement initiatives.

Part-based local shape models for colon polyp detection.

This paper presents a model-based technique for lesion detection in colon CT scans that uses analytical shape models to map the local shape curvature at individual voxels to anatomical labels. Local intensity profiles and curvature information have been previously used for discriminating between simple geometric shapes such as spherical and cylindrical structures. This paper introduces novel analytical shape models for colon-specific anatomy, viz.

LINGO-1 antagonist promotes functional recovery and axonal sprouting after spinal cord injury.

LINGO-1 is a CNS-specific protein and a functional component of the NgR1/p75/LINGO-1 and NgR1/TAJ(TROY)/LINGO-1 signaling complexes that mediate inhibition of axonal outgrowth. These receptor complexes mediate the axonal growth inhibitory effects of Nogo, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp) via RhoA activation. Soluble LINGO-1 (LINGO-1-Fc), which acts as an antagonist of these pathways by blocking LINGO-1 binding to NgR1, was administered to rats after dorsal or lateral hemisection of the spinal cord.