Longitudinal dynamics of infection and serum antibody in A. actinomycetemcomitans periodontitis.

Objects: This report describes one of the first prospective studies delineating the relationship between infection, host antibody responses and disease exacerbations and remissions in a distinct subset of periodontitis patients infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Design: The design of this longitudinal study included visits for each patient approximately every 2 months for up to 3 years.

Comparative virulence of periodontopathogens in a mouse abscess model.

Objective(s): This report compares the virulence of selected strains of P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, C.

Functional properties of nonhuman primate antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis.

The nonhuman primate (NHP) serves as a useful model for examining the host-parasite interactions in Porphyromonas gingivalis-associated periodontal disease. This study determined the influence of NHP sera on (i) the direct killing of P. gingivalis, (ii) P.

Avidity of antibody responses to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis.

We designed a study to examine the serum IgG antibody avidity characteristics in: (i) normal subjects (N); (ii) Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-infected adult periodontitis (AP Aa+); (iii) A. actinomycetemcomitans-infected localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP Aa+); and (iv) AP subjects (AP) with various antibody patterns and disease presentation. Although there were significant elevations in antibody levels for AP Aa+ and LJP Aa+ patients compared with AP and normal patients (P < 0.

Effects of aging on antibody avidity to Mycoplasma pulmonis.

Antibody avidity of serum and lung lavage responses was examined in rats to determine aging effects on functional differences in antibody to Mycoplasma pulmonis. Three age groups of animals (weanling, adult and senescent) were immunized with either of two doses of formalinized M. pulmonis as the antigen, or a placebo control.

Antigen specificity of serum antibody in A. actinomycetemcomitans-infected periodontitis patients.

We hypothesized that serum antibody with selected antigen specificities would relate to infection and disease in the patients and, thus, describe the characteristics of potential protective antibody. This study used serum samples from 24 periodontitis patients with subgingival infection and elevated serum IgG antibody to A. actinomycetemcomitans to define the antigenic specificities of IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgG1-4 antibody to A.

Human antibody responses to outer envelope antigens of Porphyromonas gingivalis serotypes.

Immunological studies examining the homogeneity of the major antigenic components of P. gingivalis have suggested 3 serotypes and have indicated a limited distribution of the serotypes in an individual patient. These studies prompted us to define the immunodominant antigens and distribution of immune responses to P.

Gingival crevicular fluid antibody to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal disease.

We identified antibody isotypes and subclass proportions in gingival crevicular fluid to understand the potential protective ability of these antibodies towards infection with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) 1-4 antibody levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b were quantified in serum and gingival crevicular fluid from 20 periodontitis patients who had at least one subgingival plaque sample with cultivable A.

Early-onset periodontitis in Hispanic-American adolescents associated with A. actinomycetemcomitans.

This study examines the frequency of oral disease in an adolescent population, and assesses the relationship to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. A total of 470 eighth grade students from San Antonio, Texas, were examined clinically for number of teeth, frequency of gingival inflammation, frequency of sites with BOP, and frequency of sites with 3-5 mm pockets, and pockets > 5 mm. The population ranged in age from 12 to 17 yr and was 93% Hispanic.

Subgingival distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis.

This investigation developed an experimental design that (1) detailed the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque related to the level of serum antibody to this pathogen; (2) used broad based subgingival plaque sampling to allow a definition of the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans infection in periodontitis patients; (3) described the distribution of A.

Characteristics and Utilization of Antibody Measurements in Clinical Studies of Periodontal Disease.

The detection and quantitation of immune responses to infections have long been used as a diagnostic tool in medical infections. Recently, increasing evidence has supported that active, specific antibody responses to selected members of the subgingival microbiota are noted in periodontitis patients. This report describes the various specificities of this antibody as they relate to periodontitis classification and prognosis.

Characteristics and utilization of antibody measurements in clinical studies of periodontal disease.

The detection and quantitation of immune responses to infections have long been used as a diagnostic tool in medical infections. Recently, increasing evidence has supported that active, specific antibody responses to selected members of the subgingival microbiota are noted in periodontitis patients. This report describes the various specificities of this antibody as they relate to periodontitis classification and prognosis.

Effects of aging on exocrine immune responses to Mycoplasma pulmonis.

Formalinized Mycoplasma pulmonis was used to immunize 3 different age groups of Fischer 344 rats. A specific antibody to this antigen was detected in both saliva and lung lavage fluids and differences were noted in the elicitation of secretory antibody between the different ages of the animals. Few statistical differences were noted between the three age groups for salivary IgG responses to M.

Longitudinal monitoring of humoral antibody in subjects with destructive periodontal diseases.

Fifty-one subjects (16-61 years old) with evidence of prior destructive periodontal disease were monitored clinically and immunologically at bi-monthly intervals for up to 5 yr. Periodontal disease activity, determined as new attachment loss, was detected in 33 of these subjects. Only 4 of 51 subjects failed to show an elevated serum antibody level to any of the 18 subgingival species tested.

Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence in mice: induction of immunity to bacterial components.

Selected cell envelope components of Porphyromonas gingivalis were tested in a BALB/c mouse model in an attempt to elucidate further the outer membrane components of this putative oral pathogen that might be considered as virulence factors in host tissue destruction. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), outer membrane, and outer membrane vesicles of P. gingivalis W50, ATCC 53977, and ATCC 33277 were selected to examine an immunological approach for interference with progressing tissue destruction.

Secretory immune responses to Mycoplasma pulmonis.

Formalinized Mycoplasma pulmonis, along with aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant, was used to subcutaneously immunize rats in the vicinity of the salivary gland to examine the characteristics of the secretory immune response to this pathogen. The induction of specific antibody to this microorganism was detected in serum and the exocrine fluids, namely, saliva and lung lavage fluid. Both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA isotype antibodies were detected in each of these fluids after primary and secondary local immunizations.

Salivary IgA responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in the cynomolgus monkey. 1. Total IgA and IgA antibody levels to P. gingivalis.

Porphyromonas gingivalis has been associated with the subgingival plaque of advancing disease lesions in various types of periodontitis. Additionally, this species of oral microorganism has been found to increase dramatically in ligature-induced periodontitis in nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis) and has recently been shown to induce progressing disease when implanted into the subgingival plaque in this animal model. Although systemic antibody responses have been demonstrated to P.

Cholera toxin synergizes LPS- and IL-1 beta-induced PGE2 release: potential amplification systems in cholera.

Incubation of LPS/IL-1 beta and cholera toxin combinations resulted in a synergistic rise of immunoreactive and [3H]PGE2 released from HGFs. This interaction was not dependent on the type of LPS utilized; however, the cholera toxin enzymatic subunit was essential to the synergism. Intracellular cAMP concentrations paralleled PGE2 synthesized in response to LPS and cholera toxin.

Systemic antibody responses to oral microorganisms in the cynomolgus monkey: development of methodology and longitudinal responses during ligature-induced disease.

Systemic antibody responses to oral microorganisms were studied during ligature-induced periodontal disease in a non-human primate (Nhp) model. Methodology was developed using ELISA techniques to assess total IgG and IgM levels in the serum from the Nhp. In addition, an ELISA was developed utilizing affinity-purified anti-human isotype reagents to detect Nhp serum antibody responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Effects of immunization with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia on progression of ligature-induced periodontitis in the nonhuman primate Macaca fascicularis.

The nonhuman primate (Nhp) has proven to be a useful model of human periodontitis. This study describes the immunological characteristics of this model and the ability of active immunization to interfere with ecological changes in the microbiota and its associated disease symptoms. Nhps were parenterally immunized with whole-cell antigens of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia.

Serum antibody levels to oral microorganisms in children and young adults with relation to the severity of gingival disease.

The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the IgG and IgM serum antibody levels to 10 microorganisms involved in periodontal diseases in children and young adults with no systemic disease, but with either minimal/none or severe gingival inflammation. Blood samples from 15 children and 14 young adults were collected. Seven children and nine adults had minimal or no gingival inflammation; the rest had severe gingivitis.

Virulence of Wolinella recta in a murine abscess model.

The virulence of Wolinella recta isolates was studied in an experimental animal model by using monoinfection of BALB/c mice. Infection with clinical isolates of W. recta 576 and W.