FDG uptake of pulmonary lesions in synchronous primary lung cancers and lung metastases.

Purpose: In lung cancer patients, the distinction between synchronous primary lung cancer and intrapulmonary metastasis can be challenging. The intensity of FDG uptake in pulmonary lesions has been shown to be potentially useful in classifying synchronous lung cancer. The aim of this retrospective study is to investigate the effectiveness of FDG uptake in differentiating metastases from synchronous primary lesions in the setting of lung cancer.

Identifying and locating carotenoids in supra-orbital combs of male black grouse (Lyurus tetrix) using Raman and transmission electron microscopy: A histological study using rehydrated tissue samples.

Colourful signals have long been implicated as indicators of individual quality in animals. Bare-skin signals are an understudied aspect of avian colouration compared with plumage studies, despite displaying rapid changes in size and colour in response to different environmental or physiological stressors. Even fewer studies have focused on the underlying histology of these structures and the importance this plays in the resulting skin colour.

Preparedness of Residents and Medical Students for the Transition to Competence by Design in Diagnostic Radiology Post-Graduate Medical Education.

This needs assessment evaluated residents' and medical students' knowledge of Competence by Design (CBD), perceived benefits of and challenges or barriers to the transition to CBD for residents, and perceived overall preparedness for the transition to CBD in diagnostic radiology. All diagnostic radiology residents and medical students in Canada were eligible to participate in this national cross-sectional, questionnaire-based needs assessment. Knowledge of CBD was evaluated through participants' self-reported rating of their knowledge of CBD on a 5-point Likert scale.

Inaugural Pan-Canadian RADGames: Results From a Successful Approach to Radiology Education for Medical Students.

Rationale And Objectives: A goal in radiology undergraduate medical education is to improve exposure to the field. In 2022, the Canadian Association of Radiologists' Medical Student Network hosted for the first time "RADGames," an interactive image interpretation contest for medical students across Canada. This program was aimed to spark interest in radiology and improve students' image interpretation skills through gamification with expert guidance.

Successful Prophylactic Embolization of a Renal Artery Aneurysm During Pregnancy.

Renal artery aneurysms (RAA) have an increased risk of rupture during pregnancy with high mortality rates for the mother and fetus. There are many reports on the treatment of ruptured RAA during pregnancy and the Society for Vascular Surgery recommends to prophylactically treat unruptured RAA of any size in women of reproductive age to limit risk of rupture during pregnancy. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no reported case of prophylactic treatment of unruptured RAA during pregnancy.

Teaching Radiology to Medical Students in Canada; a Virtual, Integrative, Clinical Approach.

Purpose: To construct, apply, and evaluate a multidisciplinary approach in teaching radiology to Canadian medical students.

Methods: A multidisciplinary team of radiology and other disciplines experts designed an online 5-session course that was delivered to medical students. The topics of each session were clinical cases involving different systems.

The Online Cross-Country Tour: Evaluation of a Novel Online Series for Canadian Radiology Residency Programs and Future Implications for the Radiology CaRMS Process.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic indefinitely cancelled visiting medical student radiology electives across Canada. In response, the Canadian Association of Radiologists Resident & Fellow Section (CAR RFS) and Medical Student Network (MSN) developed and evaluated an online series for medical students to learn about Canadian radiology residency programs.

Methods: Medical students from any year of training were recruited through the MSN, local radiology interest groups, and social media to attend a 2-week online series of interactive sessions via Zoom with program representatives from Canadian radiology residency programs.

Radiology Interest Groups: A Recipe for Success.

Objectives: Radiology Interest Groups (RIGs) are valuable for medical students and the radiology profession. The purpose of this study is to identify key components of a successful RIG and to discuss how to optimize available resources to increase student engagement in radiology.

Methods: Anonymous feedback forms (n = 478) completed by preclinical medical students attending 20 RIG events between September 2016 and May 2019 were analyzed.

The Effects of Beetroot Juice on VOmax and Blood Pressure during Submaximal Exercise.

Beetroot juice (BR) has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) at rest and improve several performance parameters during exercise. However, the effect of BR on BP during submaximal exercise has not been investigated and its effects on VOmax are inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BR on VOmax and BP during submaximal exercise.

Retrieval practice and judgements of learning enhance transfer of physiology information.

It is well-documented that retrieval practice enhances the recall of simple and complex information (Karpicke and Aue in Educ Psychol Rev 27(2):317-326, 2015). Evidence is also accumulating that retrieval practice can enhance other cognitive processes such as the ability to critically evaluate research articles (Dobson et al. in Med Educ 52(5):513-525, 2018) and transfer of learning (Butler in J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 36(5):1118, 2010).

Sport-related concussion induces transient cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.

Recent evidence suggests that concussions may disrupt autonomic cardiovascular control. This study investigated the initial effects of concussion on cardiovascular function using three autonomic reflex tests. Twenty-three recreational athletes (12 women, 11 men) were divided into concussed ( = 12) and control ( = 11) groups.

Distributed retrieval practice promotes superior recall of anatomy information.

Effortful retrieval produces greater long-term recall of information when compared to studying (i.e., reading), as do learning sessions that are distributed (i.

Identifying Dosage Effect of Light-Emitting Diode Therapy on Muscular Fatigue in Quadriceps.

Hemmings, TJ, Kendall, KL, and Dobson, JL. Identifying dosage effect of light-emitting diode therapy on muscular fatigue in quadriceps. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 395-402, 2017-The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of various dosages of light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) on muscle fatigue while performing a single-leg extension to exhaustion.

Self-testing produces superior recall of both familiar and unfamiliar muscle information.

Dozens of studies have found learning strategies based on the "testing effect" promote greater recall than those that rely solely on reading; however, the advantages of testing are often only observed after a delay (e.g., 2-7 days later).

Homopolar dihydrogen bonding in main group hydrides: discovery, consequences, and applications.

This perspective describes the recent discovery and investigation of homopolar dihydrogen bonding, and focuses on the identification and characterisation of hydride-hydride interactions in compounds of the main group elements. A highlight of this programme has been an appreciation of the important role played by this interaction in the structural and thermochemical properties of these materials, and in the mechanisms through which they release hydrogen. A fuller understanding of this new class of H∙∙∙H interactions has also allowed us to explore their role in the supramolecular chemistry of hydrogen-rich compounds.

The effect of selected "desirable difficulties" on the ability to recall anatomy information.

"Desirable difficulties" is a theory from cognitive science used to promote learning in a variety of contexts. The basic premise is that creating a cognitively challenging environment at the learning acquisition phase, by actively engaging learners in the retrieval of to-be-learned materials, promotes long-term retention. In this study, the degree of desirable difficulties was varied to identify how cognitively challenging the learning acquisition phase must be to benefit university-level students' learning of anatomy concepts.

Self-testing promotes superior retention of anatomy and physiology information.

The testing effect shows that learning is enhanced by the act of recalling information after exposure. Although the testing effect is among the most robust findings in cognitive science, much of its empirical support is from laboratory studies and it has been applied as a strategy for enhancing learning in the classroom in a limited fashion. The purpose of this investigation was to replicate the testing effect in a university anatomy and physiology course and to extend the applicability of it to independent student study.

Benefits of exercise intervention in reducing neuropathic pain.

Peripheral neuropathy is a widespread and potentially incapacitating pathological condition that encompasses more than 100 different forms and manifestations of nerve damage. The diverse pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy affects autonomic, motor and/or sensory neurons, and the symptoms that typify the condition are abnormal cutaneous sensation, muscle dysfunction and, most notably, chronic pain. Chronic neuropathic pain is difficult to treat and is often characterized by either exaggerated responses to painful stimuli (hyperalgesia) or pain resulting from stimuli that would not normally provoke pain (allodynia).

Retrieval practice is an efficient method of enhancing the retention of anatomy and physiology information.

Although a great deal of empirical evidence has indicated that retrieval practice is an effective means of promoting learning and memory, very few studies have investigated the strategy in the context of an actual class. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a series of very brief retrieval quizzes could significantly improve the retention of previously tested information throughout an anatomy and physiology course. A second purpose was to determine if there were any significant differences between expanding and uniform patterns of retrieval that followed a standardized initial retrieval delay.

Effect of uniform versus expanding retrieval practice on the recall of physiology information.

The purpose of this study was to compare the retention of selected physiology concepts throughout 30 days of two different uniform schedules of retrieval and two different expanding schedules of retrieval. Participants (n = 250) first read and reread 30 immunology and reproductive physiology concepts and were then repeatedly assessed, without feedback, according to one of the following four randomly assigned schedules: 1) immediately after learning and again 9 and 19 days later [uniform (days 1, 10, and 20)]; 2) 7, 14, and 21 days after learning [uniform (days 8, 15, and 22)]; 3) immediately after learning and again 5 and 15 days later [expanding (days 1, 6, and 16)]; and 4) 1, 6, and 16 days after learning [expanding (days 2, 7, and 17)]. All participants completed a final assessment 29 days after learning the physiology concepts.

Effect of selected "desirable difficulty" learning strategies on the retention of physiology information.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of interleaving and expanding retrieval on the retention of physiology concepts. Participants (n = 189) read and then reread 30 immunology and reproductive physiology passages. Half of the participants read and then reread the passages in a blocked manner (e.