The self-reference effect on memory in early childhood.

The self-reference effect in memory is the advantage for information encoded about self, relative to other people. The early development of this effect was explored here using a concrete encoding paradigm. Trials comprised presentation of a self- or other-image paired with a concrete object.

When "it" becomes "mine": attentional biases triggered by object ownership.

Previous research has demonstrated that higher-order cognitive processes associated with the allocation of selective attention are engaged when highly familiar self-relevant items are encountered, such as one's name, face, personal possessions and the like. The goal of our study was to determine whether these effects on attentional processing are triggered on-line at the moment self-relevance is established. In a pair of experiments, we recorded ERPs as participants viewed common objects (e.

The importance of skin color and facial structure in perceiving and remembering others: an electrophysiological study.

The own-race bias (ORB) is a well-documented recognition advantage for own-race (OR) over cross-race (CR) faces, the origin of which remains unclear. In the current study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while Caucasian participants age-categorized Black and White faces which were digitally altered to display either a race congruent or incongruent facial structure. The results of a subsequent surprise memory test indicated that regardless of facial structure participants recognized White faces better than Black faces.

Planar Bragg gratings made by excimer-laser modification of ion-exchanged waveguides.

The refractive indices of planar silver-ion-exchanged waveguides have been modified by UV excimer laser irradiation (lambda=193 nm) . The effective index changes of the fundamental modes of the waveguides after exposition are as large as 2x10(-2) . The procedure permits the fabrication of integrated optical components in a direct way, with neither the use of standard lithography nor previous sensitizing of the substrate.

Fabrication of long-period optical fiber gratings by use of ion implantation.

We report the fabrication of long-period optical fiber gratings by use of a refractive-index increase induced by ion implantation. Helium ions were implanted in an optical fiber core through a metal mask that had a 170-microm -pitch grating with spacing of 60 microm . We obtained a wavelength-dependent effective transmission loss by use of the grating.

Faces, flowers and football boots: capacity limits in distractor processing.

While visual attention can be attracted by task-irrelevant stimuli, questions remain regarding how many irrelevant items can be processed simultaneously and whether capacity limits are equivalent for all types of stimuli. To explore these issues, participants were required to classify verbal stimuli that were flanked by either one or two response-matching or response-mismatching faces (Expts. 1 and 2) or objects (Expt.

Photoinduced optical absorption and 400-nm luminescence in low-germanium-content optical f iber preforms irradiated with ArF and KrF excimer-laser light.

The optical absorption spectrum and the 400-nm photoluminescence (PL) of a 1.4-mol. % Ge photosensitive optical fiber preform subjected to high fluence of 193-nm ArF and 248-nm KrF excimer-laser irradiation are measured.

Refractive-index changes in fused silica produced by heavy-ion implantation followed by photobleaching.

The changes in refractive index, optical absorption, and volume of synthetic fused silica resulting from the implantation of germanium and silicon ions at energies of 3 and 5 MeV are reported. Implantation changes the density and generates ultraviolet color centers in the silica, which increases the refractive index at visible wavelengths by ~1%. Irradiation of the implanted samples with 249-nm light from a KrF excimer laser photobleaches the color centers and reduces the index by more than 0.