Slow and Fast-Growing Chickens Use Different Antioxidant Pathways to Maintain Their Redox Balance during Postnatal Growth.

The evolution of parameters known to be relevant indicators of energy status, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense in chickens was followed. These parameters were measured weekly from 1 to 42 days in plasma and/or muscles and liver of two strains differing in growth rate. At 1-day old, in plasma, slow-growing (SG) chicks were characterized by a high total antioxidant status (TAS), probably related to higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and uric acid levels compared to fast-growing (FG) chicks whereas the lipid peroxidation levels were higher in the liver and muscles of SG day-old chicks.

Comparison of outcomes following polidocanol microfoam and radiofrequency ablation of incompetent thigh great and accessory saphenous veins.

Background: Microfoam ablation (MFA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are both approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of proximal saphenous truncal veins. The objective of our study was to compare early postoperative outcomes between MFA and RFA following treatment of incompetent thigh saphenous veins.

Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted of patients who underwent treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins (GSVs) or anterior accessory saphenous veins (AASVs) in the thigh.

Early results following comparison of radiofrequency and microfoam ablation of large diameter truncal veins demonstrate high closure rates and symptomatic relief.

Objective: Endovenous closure of truncal veins with a large diameter (LD) (≥8 mm) has been associated with higher risk of post ablation thrombus propagation into the deep venous system. Similar findings after Varithena microfoam ablation (MFA) have not been characterized. The study objective was to analyze outcomes after both radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and MFA and of LD truncal veins.

Modeling the interaction between donor-derived regulatory T cells and effector T cells early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

While allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potential curative therapy against hematological malignancies, modulation of donor T cell alloreactivity is required to enhance the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect and control graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) after allo-HSCT. Donor-derived regulatory CD4CD25Foxp3 T cells (Tregs) play a central role in establishing of immune tolerance after allo-HSCT. They could be a key target to be modulated for increasing the GVL effect and control of GVHD.

Chemical Signatures of Seasonally Unique Anthropogenic Influences on Organic Aerosol Composition in the Central Amazon.

Urbanization and fires perturb the quantities and composition of fine organic aerosol in the central Amazon, with ramifications for radiative forcing and public health. These disturbances include not only direct emissions of particulates and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors but also changes in the pathways through which biogenic precursors form SOA. The composition of ambient organic aerosol is complex and incompletely characterized, encompassing millions of potential structures relatively few of which have been synthesized and characterized.

Plant responses to limited aeration: Advances and future challenges.

Limited aeration that is caused by tissue geometry, diffusion barriers, high elevation, or a flooding event poses major challenges to plants and is often, but not exclusively, associated with low oxygen. These processes span a broad interest in the research community ranging from whole plant and crop responses, post-harvest physiology, plant morphology and anatomy, fermentative metabolism, plant developmental processes, oxygen sensing by ERF-VIIs, gene expression profiles, the gaseous hormone ethylene, and O dynamics at cellular resolution. The International Society for Plant Anaerobiosis (ISPA) gathers researchers from all over the world contributing to understand the causes, responses, and consequences of limited aeration in plants.

Carbon Emission Evaluation of CO Curing in Vibro-Compacted Precast Concrete Made with Recycled Aggregates.

The objective of the present study was to explore three types of vibro-compacted precast concrete mixtures replacing fine and coarse gravel with a recycled/mixed concrete aggregate (RCA or MCA). The portlandite phase found in RCA and MCA by XRD is a "potential" CO sink. CO curing improved the compressive strength in all the mixtures studied.

In vivo detection of penetrating arteriole alterations in cerebral white matter in patients with diabetes with 7 T MRI.

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is responsible for primary intracerebral hemorrhages, lacunar infarcts and white matter hyperintensity in T weighted images. While the brain lesions attributed to small vessel disease can be characterized by conventional MRI, it remains challenging to noninvasively measure the early pathological changes of the small underlying vessels. We evaluated the feasibility of detecting alterations in white matter penetrating arterioles (PA) in patients with diabetes with ultra-high field 7 T MRI.

Multiscale mechanical characterization and computational modeling of fibrin gels.

Fibrin is a naturally occurring protein network that forms a temporary structure to enable remodeling during wound healing. It is also a common tissue engineering scaffold because the structural properties can be controlled. However, to fully characterize the wound healing process and improve the design of regenerative scaffolds, understanding fibrin mechanics at multiple scales is necessary.

Influence of salinity, germination, malting and fermentation on quinoa nutritional and bioactive profile.

The depletion of freshwater resources, as well as climate change and population growth, are threatening the livelihoods of thousands of people around the world. The introduction of underutilized crops such as quinoa may be important in countries with limited productivity and/or limited access to water due to its resistance to different abiotic stresses and its high nutritional value. The aim of this review is to assess whether techniques such as germination, malting and fermentation would improve the nutritional and bioactive profile of quinoa.

Low-Level Light Therapy and Minoxidil Combination Treatment in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review of the Literature.

Introduction: We analyzed randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of combined therapy with low-level light therapy (LLLT) and topical minoxidil for treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA).

Methods: A literature search within PubMed identified RCTs evaluating hair regrowth following LLLT and minoxidil. Selection criteria were 600-1,100 nm wavelengths, treatment time ≥16 weeks, and objective evaluation for hair regrowth.

Deciphering the contribution of microbial biomass to the properties of dissolved and particulate organic matter in anaerobic digestates.

The recalcitrant structures either from substrate or microbial biomass contained in digestates after anaerobic digestion (AD) highly influence digestate valorization. To properly assess the microbial biomass contribution to the digested organic matter (OM), a combination of characterization methods and the use of various substrate types in anaerobic continuous reactors was required. The use of totally biodegradable substrates allowed detecting soluble microbial products via fluorescence spectroscopy at emission wavelengths of 420 and 460 nm while the protein-like signature was enhanced by the whey protein.

Clinicopathological classification of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: possible refinement by measuring macrophage abundance.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) myocarditis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. While endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is considered a gold standard for diagnosis, the sensitivity of EMB is not well defined. Additionally, the pathological features that correlate with the clinical diagnosis of ICI-associated myocarditis remain incompletely understood.

Top-down and bottom-up effects modulate species co-existence in a context of top predator restoration.

Mesopredators abundance is often limited by top-order predators and also by key food resources. However, the contribution of these bidirectional forces to structure carnivore community is still unclear. Here, we studied how the presence and absence of an apex predator which is currently recovering its former distribution range, the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), determined the absolute abundance and fine-scale spatiotemporal avoidance mechanisms of two sympatric mesocarnivores (stone marten Martes foina and common genet Genetta genetta) with different dietary plasticity.

Appraisal on the role of passive sampling for more integrative frameworks on the environmental risk assessment of contaminants.

Over time multiple lines of research have been integrated as important components of evidence for assessing the ecological quality status of water bodies within the framework of Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) approaches. One of the most used integrative approaches is the triad which combines, based on the weight-of-evidence, three lines of research, the chemical (to identify what is causing the effect), the ecological (to identify the effects at the ecosystem level) and the ecotoxicological (to ascertain the causes of ecological damage), with the agreement between the different lines of risk evidence increasing the confidence in the management decisions. Although the triad approach has proven greatly strategic in ERA processes, new assessment (and monitoring) integrative and effective tools are most welcome.

Long-Term Effects and Potential Impact of Early Nutrition with Breast Milk or Infant Formula on Glucose Homeostasis Control in Healthy Children at 6 Years Old: A Follow-Up from the COGNIS Study.

There is scarce evidence about early nutrition programming of dynamic aspects of glucose homeostasis. We analyzed the long-term effects of early nutrition on glycemic variability in healthy children. A total of 92 children participating in the COGNIS study were considered for this analysis, who were fed with: a standard infant formula (SF, = 32), an experimental formula (EF, = 32), supplemented with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) components, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), and synbiotics, or were breastfed (BF, = 28).

The Effect of Shell Powder as Filler on the Performance of Self-Compacting Mortar.

In this research, the feasibility of using shell waste from the canning industry in the manufacturing of self-compacting mortar (SCM) was tested. The seashells were finely ground to be used as filler instead of the limestone filler normally used in this type of SCM. First, a physicochemical and microstructural characterisation of all raw materials was carried out, including the particle size distribution of both fillers.

Elevation of Pulmonary Artery Pressure in Newborns from High-Altitude Pregnancies Complicated by Preeclampsia.

We hypothesized that fetal exposure to the oxidative stress induced by the combined challenge of preeclampsia (PE) and high altitude would induce a significant impairment in the development of pulmonary circulation. We conducted a prospective study in La Paz (Bolivia, mean altitude 3625 m) in which newborns from singleton pregnancies with and without PE were compared (PE group = 69, control = 70). We conducted an echocardiographic study in these infants at the median age of two days.

Pyrocumulonimbus affect average stratospheric aerosol composition.

Pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) are wildfire-generated convective clouds that can inject smoke directly into the stratosphere. PyroCb have been tracked for years, yet their apparent rarity and episodic nature lead to highly uncertain climate impacts. In situ measurements of pyroCb smoke reveal its distinctive and exceptionally stable aerosol properties and define the long-term influence of pyroCb activity on the stratospheric aerosol budget.

Performance of standardised colposcopy to detect cervical precancer and cancer for triage of women testing positive for human papillomavirus: results from the ESTAMPA multicentric screening study.

Background: Colposcopy, currently included in WHO recommendations as an option to triage human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive women, remains as the reference standard to guide both biopsy for confirmation of cervical precancer and cancer and treatment approaches. We aim to evaluate the performance of colposcopy to detect cervical precancer and cancer for triage in HPV-positive women.

Methods: This cross-sectional, multicentric screening study was conducted at 12 centres (including primary and secondary care centres, hospitals, laboratories, and universities) in Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay).

Recent Advances in Serum Biomarkers for Risk Stratification and Patient Management in Cardio-Oncology.

Purpose Of Review: Following significant advancements in cancer therapeutics and survival, the risk of cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity (CTRC) is increasingly recognized. With ongoing efforts to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in cancer patients and survivors, cardiac biomarkers have been studied for both risk stratification and monitoring during and after therapy to detect subclinical disease. This article will review the utility for biomarker use throughout the cancer care continuum.

Combining cytotoxic agents with continuous dose levels in seamless phase I-II clinical trials.

Phase I-II cancer clinical trial designs are intended to accelerate drug development. In cases where efficacy cannot be ascertained in a short period of time, it is common to divide the study in two stages: i) a first stage in which dose is escalated based only on toxicity data and we look for the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) set and ii) a second stage in which we search for the most efficacious dose within the MTD set. Current available approaches in the area of continuous dose levels involve fixing the MTD after stage I and discarding all collected stage I efficacy data.