Excavatolide C/cisplatin combination induces antiproliferation and drives apoptosis and DNA damage in bladder cancer cells.

Excavatolide C (EXCC), a marine coral-derived compound, exhibits an antiproliferation effect on bladder cancer cells. The present study evaluated the improvement in the antiproliferation ability of EXCC by co-treatment with cisplatin in bladder cancer cells. EXCC/cisplatin (12.

Demethoxymurrapanine, an indole-naphthoquinone alkaloid, inhibits the proliferation of oral cancer cells without major side effects on normal cells.

Antioral cancer drugs need a greater antiproliferative impact on cancer than on normal cells. Demethoxymurrapanine (DEMU) inhibits proliferation in several cancer cells, but an in-depth investigation was necessary. This study evaluated the proliferation-modulating effects of DEMU, focusing on oral cancer and normal cells.

Anti-Inflammatory Halogenated Monoterpenes from the Red Alga .

The chemical investigation of a red alga enabled the identification of three new halogenated monoterpenes (-) along with two previously identified metabolites ( and ). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and also by utilizing single-crystal diffraction analysis and quantum chemical calculation, as well as by comparison with literature data. Further corrections for dichloro and dibromo carbons using the sorted training set (STS) method were established in this study to significantly improve the accuracy in GIAO C NMR calculation of compounds -.

Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol induces apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer cells by inducing reactive oxygen species-dependent inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol (DA), the synthetic precursor of a natural compound (austrasulfone) isolated from the coral species , has shown cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. However, it is unknown whether DA has antitumor effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we determined the antitumor effects of DA and investigated its mechanism of action on human NPC cells.

Sinulariaone A: a novel diterpenoid with a 13-membered carbocyclic skeleton from an octocoral species.

Chemical composition screening of an octocoral identified as species led to the isolation of a novel diterpenoid, sinulariaone A (1), featuring a 13-membered carbocyclic skeleton. The structure of 1 was established by spectroscopic elucidation, computed calculation, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of chlorofurancembranoid B (2), obtained in our previous study from the same octocoral species, was reported for the first time to demonstrate the absolute configuration.

The Invasive Anemone sp. of the Coral Reef as a Source of Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Containing Metabolites and Cytotoxic 5,8-Epidioxy Steroids.

The -genus anemones were examined for their proteinaceous poisons over 50 years ago. On the other hand, the current research focuses on isolating and describing the non-proteinaceous secondary metabolites from the invasive anemones, which help take advantage of their population outbreak as a new source of chemical candidates and potential drug leads. From an organic extract of sp.

Isosarcophytoxide Derivatives with a 2,5-Dihydrofuran Moiety from the Soft Coral .

The present chemical investigation on the organic extract of the soft coral has contributed to the isolation of four new cembranoids: 16- and 16-hydroperoxyisosarcophytoxides ( and ), 16- and 16-methoxyisosarcophytoxides ( and ), and a known cembranoid, lobocrasol (). The structures of all isolates were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis. Their structures were characterized by a 2,5-dihydrofuran moiety, of which the relative configuration was determined by DU8-based calculation for long-range coupling constants ().

New 3,4--3,19-Dinor- and Spongian-Based Diterpenoid Lactones from the Marine Sponge sp.

Continuing chemical investigation of the Red Sea sponge sp. led to the isolation of four new 3,4--3,19-dinorspongian diterpenoid lactones, secodinorspongins A-D (-), along with a classical spongian diterpenoid lactone, sponginolide (). The chemical structures, including the absolute configurations of these compounds, were elucidated using the extensive spectroscopic study composed of 1D and 2D NMR data analyses, and a comparison between calculated-electronic-circular-dichroism (ECD) and experimental-circular-dichroism (CD) spectra.

An Immunological Polysaccharide from : Essential Role of Acetylation in Immunomodulation.

The edible fungus was shown to have a high molecular weight (1.87 × 10 kDa) bioactive polysaccharide, denoted as TFP-F1. Monosaccharide composition and NMR analysis of the polysaccharide and its derivatives indicated it contained fucose (Fuc), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), and glucuronic acid (GlcA) in a ratio of 0.

Spongenolactones A-C, Bioactive 5,5,6,6,5-Pentacyclic Spongian Diterpenes from the Red Sea Sponge sp.

Three new 5,5,6,6,5-pentacyclic spongian diterpenes, spongenolactones A-C (-), were isolated from a Red Sea sponge sp. The structures of the new metabolites were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and the absolute configurations of were determined on the basis of comparison of the experimental circular dichroism (CD) and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds - are the first 5,5,6,6,5-pentacyclic spongian diterpenes bearing an -hydroxy group at C-1.

Antibladder Cancer Effects of Excavatolide C by Inducing Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage In Vitro.

Excavatolide C (EXCC) is a bioactive compound derived from the gorgonian octocoral , and its anticancer effects are rarely addressed, particularly for bladder cancer. This investigation aimed to explore the potential impacts of EXCC on inhibiting the proliferation of three kinds of bladder cancer cells (5637, BFTC905, and T24). EXCC inhibits bladder cancer cell proliferation based on 48 h ATP assay.

Brown Algae-Derived Fucoidan Exerts Oxidative Stress-Dependent Antiproliferation on Oral Cancer Cells.

Fucoidan is a dietary brown algae-derived fucose-rich polysaccharide. However, the anticancer effects of fucoidan for oral cancer treatment remain unclear, particularly in terms of its preferential antiproliferation ability and oxidative-stress-associated responses. This study first evaluated the effects and mechanisms of the preferential antiproliferation of fucoidan between oral cancer and non-malignant oral cells (S-G).

Computationally Assisted Structural Elucidation of Cembranoids from the Soft Coral .

A persistent study on soft coral resulted in the characterization of two new cembranolides, tortuolides A and B ( and ), and a new related diterpene, -sarcophytonolide Q. Their structures were determined not only by extensive spectroscopic analysis but also by DFT calculations of ECD and NMR data, the latter of which was combined with statistical analysis methods, e.g.

The Chemically Highly Diversified Metabolites from the Red Sea Marine Sponge sp.

A polyoxygenated and halogenated labdane, spongianol (); a polyoxygenated steroid, 3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-24-ethylcholest-7-en-6-one (); a rare seven-membered lactone B ring, (22,24)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α-diol-6,5-olide (); and an α,β-unsaturated fatty acid, ()-3-methyl-9-oxodec-2-enoic acid () as well as five known compounds, 10-hydroxykahukuene B (), pacifenol (), dysidamide (), 7,7,7-trichloro-3-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,4-trichloro-3-methyl-1-oxobu-tylamino)-heptanoic acid methyl ester (), and the primary metabolite 2'-deoxynucleoside thymidine (), have been isolated from the Red Sea sponge sp. The stereoisomer of was discovered in , and metabolites and , isolated previously from red algae, were characterized unprecedentedly in the sponge. Compounds and have not been found before in the genus .

Cembranolides and Related Constituents from the Soft Coral .

In an attempt to explore the bioactive metabolites of the soft coral , three new cembranolides, cinerenolides A-C (-), and 16 known compounds were isolated and identified from the EtOAc extract. The structures of the new cembranolides were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, and the NOE analysis of cinerenolide A () was performed with the assistance of the calculated lowest-energy molecular model. The relative configuration of cinerenolide C () was determined by the quantum chemical NMR calculation, followed by applying DP4+ analysis.

(-)-Agelasidine A Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Liver cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are a highly prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths. Current treatments to combat liver cancer are limited. (-)-Agelasidine A, a compound isolated from the methanol extract of , a sesquiterpene guanidine derived from sea sponge, has antibacterial activity.

A hexasaccharide from capsular polysaccharide of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae KN2 is a ligand of Toll-like receptor 4.

Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype KN2 is a carbapenem-resistant strain and leads to the health care-associated infections, such as bloodstream infections. Its capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was isolated and cleaved by a specific enzyme from a bacteriophage into a hexasaccharide-repeating unit. With GC-MS, NMR, and Mass analyses, the structure of KN2 CPS was determined to be {→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-[α-D-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→6)]-α-D-Galp-(1→6)-β-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→}.

5--Sinuleptolide from Soft Corals of the Genus Exerts Cytotoxic Effects on Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines via the Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3, AKT, and ERK Activity.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal malignancies: more than half of patients are diagnosed with a metastatic disease, which is associated with a five-year survival rate of only 3%. 5--Sinuleptolide, a norditerpene isolated from sp., has been demonstrated to possess cytotoxic activity against cancer cells.

Soft Coral-Derived Dihydrosinularin Exhibits Antiproliferative Effects Associated with Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Oral Cancer Cells.

Dihydrosinularin (DHS) is an analog of soft coral-derived sinularin; however, the anticancer effects and mechanisms of DHS have seldom been reported. This investigation examined the antiproliferation ability and mechanisms of DHS on oral cancer cells. In a cell viability assay, DHS showed growth inhibition against several types of oral cancer cell lines (Ca9-22, SCC-9, OECM-1, CAL 27, OC-2, and HSC-3) with no cytotoxic side effects on non-malignant oral cells (HGF-1).

Comparison of Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Soft Coral-Derived Sinularin and Dihydrosinularin.

Marine natural products are abundant resources for antioxidants, but the antioxidant property of the soft corals-derived sinularin and dihydrosinularin were unknown. This study aimed to assess antioxidant potential and antiproliferation effects of above compounds on cancer cells, and to investigate the possible relationships between them. Results show that sinularin and dihydrosinularin promptly reacted with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and hydroxyl (OH), demonstrating a general radical scavenger activity.

Antiproliferative Illudalane Sesquiterpenes from the Marine Sediment Ascomycete .

The new asperorlactone (), along with the known illudalane sesquiterpene echinolactone D (), two known pyrones, 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-2-pyran-2-one () and its acetate , and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (), were isolated from a culture of , collected from Red Sea marine sediments. The structure of asperorlactone () was elucidated by HR-ESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR, and a comparison between experimental and DFT calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. This is the first report of illudalane sesquiterpenoids from fungi and, more in general, from ascomycetes.

Polyoxygenated Klysimplexane- and Eunicellin-Based Diterpenoids from the Gorgonian .

Three new polyoxygenated diterpenoids with a rare 4-isopropyl-1,5,8a-trimethylperhydrophenanthrane structure of the klysimplexane skeleton, briarols A‒C (1‒3), and one eunicellin-based diterpenoid, briarol D (4), were isolated from , a gorgonian inhabiting Taiwanese waters. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined by employing extensive analyses of NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) data. Metabolites 1‒3 were found to possess the rarely found skeleton of the diterpenoid klysimplexin T.