Optimization of Automated Radiosynthesis of Gallium-68-Labeled PSMA11 with Two [Ge]Ge/[Ga]Ga Generators: Fractional Elution or Prepurification?

Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in men. An imaging technique for its diagnosis is [Ga]-prostate-specific membrane antigen ([Ga]Ga-PSMA-11) positron emission tomography (PET). To address the increasing demand for [Ga]-labeled peptides and reduce the cost of radiosynthesis, it is therefore necessary to optimize the elution process of [Ge]Ge/[Ga]Ga generators.

Management of Patients with Renal Failure Undergoing Dialysis During I Therapy for Thyroid Cancer.

Radioactive iodine (I) therapy may be used to treat thyroid cancer in end-stage renal disease patients who undergo hemodialysis. Because iodine uses predominantly renal clearance, treatment management in hemodialysis patients may be problematic, and no formal recommendations on hemodialysis currently exist. This work details our experience with treating thyroid cancer with iodine in chronic renal failure patients who require hemodialysis and details the dosimetry results obtained during treatment to ensure that the dose to the bone marrow (BM) was acceptable.

Potential Impact of Infusion Technique on Drug Delivery.

Background: Infusion practices have been modified, especially for antineoplastic drugs, through the use of specific infusion devices with postadministration rinsing (PAR) so as to decrease occupational exposure to drugs. The aim of this study was to highlight how such infusion devices may impact the drug delivery of injectable drugs.

Materials And Methods: Drug infusions were simulated with a radiotracer (99mTc) for 30 minutes to assess nine different infusion lines: 2 infusion methods without PAR (1 gravity-fed infusion and 1 pump infusion), 2 extension lines to be connected to standard infusion devices to allow PAR, and 5 specific infusion sets allowing a PAR.

Mapping the 3D distribution of CdSe nanocrystals in highly oriented and nanostructured hybrid P3HT-CdSe films grown by directional epitaxial crystallization.

Highly oriented and nanostructured hybrid thin films made of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and colloidal CdSe nanocrystals are prepared by a zone melting method using epitaxial growth on 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene oriented crystals. The structure of the films has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation, electron diffraction and 3D electron tomography to afford a multi-scale structural and morphological description of the highly structured hybrid films. A quantitative analysis of the reconstructed volumes based on electron tomography is used to establish a 3D map of the distribution of the CdSe nanocrystals in the bulk of the films.

Onset of the alpha-relaxation in the glass-forming solution LiCl-6H2O revealed by Brillouin scattering techniques.

We measured the dynamic structure factor of the liquid and glassy phases of the LiCl-6H(2)O solution by means of inelastic scattering of radiation in the visible, UV, and x-ray range, between 1 GHz and 10 THz, and by means of photon-correlation spectroscopy, between 0.01 Hz and 20 kHz. The measurements were performed in the temperature range between 353 and 80 K.

Bacterial colonization after tunneling in 402 perineural catheters: a prospective study.

Background: Bacterial colonization of peripheral nerve catheters is frequent, although infection is relatively rare. With central venous catheters, the tunneling of the catheter into the subcutaneous tissue significantly decreases catheter colonization and catheter-related sepsis. We evaluated the incidence of bacterial colonization in adult patients with tunnelized perineural nerve catheters.

Theory of surface micelles of semifluorinated alkanes.

Surface structures of semifluorinated alkanes F(CF(2))(n)(CH(2))(m)H (referred to as FnHm) spread on the air/water interface are investigated theoretically. The study is focused on the disklike surface micelles that were recently identified by AFM and scattering techniques at sufficiently high surface concentrations. We show that (1) the micelles emerge as a result of liquid/liquid (rather than liquid/gas) phase separation in the Langmuir layer; (2) the micelles are islands of the higher-density phase with roughly vertical orientation of FnHm molecules (F-parts extend toward air, H-parts toward water) and the matrix is the lower density-phase where the FnHm diblocks are nearly parallel to the water surface; (3) the micelles and the hexagonal structure they form are stabilized by the electrostatic interactions which are mainly due to the vertical dipole moments of the CF(2)- CH(2) bonds in the vertical phase; and (4) the electrostatic repulsive interactions can serve to suppress the micelle size polydispersity.

Structural studies of the neural-cell-adhesion molecule by X-ray and neutron reflectivity.

The structures of adhesion proteins play an important role in the formation of intercellular junctions and the control of intermembrane spacing. This paper describes the combination of neutron and X-ray specular reflectivity measurements to investigate the structure of the ectodomain of the neural-cell-adhesion molecule (NCAM). The measurements with unmodified NCAM suggest the presence of a bend in the extracellular region.

A soluble VE-cadherin fragment forms 2D arrays of dimers upon binding to a lipid monolayer.

A high concentration of cadherin molecules at cell-cell adhesion sites is believed to be essential for generating strong intercellular junctions. In order to determine the interactions of cadherin domains involved in the early stages of lateral cluster formation on the cell surface, a recombinant fragment encompassing the first four domains of human VE-cadherin with a His-tag at the C terminus (VE-EC1-4-His) was produced. Two-dimensional crystals of VE-EC1-4-His were formed at the air-water interface using conventional lipids modified to contain a Ni(2+)-chelating group, which provides a specific site for interaction with the polyhistidine tag.

Synchrotron radiation diffraction from two-dimensional protein crystals at the air/water interface.

Protein structure determination by classical x-ray crystallography requires three-dimensional crystals that are difficult to obtain for most proteins and especially for membrane proteins. An alternative is to grow two-dimensional (2D) crystals by adsorbing proteins to ligand-lipid monolayers at the surface of water. This confined geometry requires only small amounts of material and offers numerous advantages: self-assembly and ordering over micrometer scales is easier to obtain in two dimensions; although fully hydrated, the crystals are sufficiently rigid to be investigated by various techniques, such as electron crystallography or micromechanical measurements.

Characterization of the growth of 2D protein crystals on a lipid monolayer by ellipsometry and rigidity measurements coupled to electron microscopy.

We present here some sensitive optical and mechanical experiments for monitoring the process of formation and growth of two-dimensional (2D) crystals of proteins on a lipid monolayer at an air-water interface. The adsorption of proteins on the lipid monolayer was monitored by ellipsometry measurements. An instrument was developed to measure the shear elastic constant (in plane rigidity) of the monolayer.

Structural basis of cell-cell adhesion by cadherins.

Crystal structures of the amino-terminal domain of N-cadherin provide a picture at the atomic level of a specific adhesive contact between cells. A repeated set of dimer interfaces is common to the structure in three lattices. These interactions combine to form a linear zipper of molecules that mirrors the linear structure of the intracellular filaments with which cadherins associate.

Control of structure and growth of polymorphic crystalline thin films of amphiphilic molecules on liquid surfaces.

The spontaneous formation and coexistence of crystalline polymorphic trilayer domains in amphiphilic films at air-liquid interfaces is demonstrated by grazing incidence synchrotron x-ray diffraction. These polymorphic crystallites may serve as models for the early stages of crystal nucleation and growth, helping to elucidate the manner in which additives influence the progress of crystal nucleation, growth, and polymorphism and suggesting ways of selectively generating and controlling multilayers on liquid surfaces. Auxiliary molecules have been designed to selectively inhibit development of the polymorphs, leading primarily to a single phase monolayer.