Strengthening self-regulation and reducing poverty to prevent adolescent depression and anxiety: Rationale, approach and methods of the ALIVE interdisciplinary research collaboration in Colombia, Nepal and South Africa.

Aims: Depression and anxiety are the leading contributors to the global burden of disease among young people, accounting for over a third (34.8%) of years lived with disability. Yet there is limited evidence for interventions that prevent adolescent depression and anxiety in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 90% of adolescents live.

The interaction between liver cirrhosis, infection by Streptococcus bovis, and colon cancer.

Whether cirrhotic patients with Streptococcus bovis bacteremia have an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm is uncertain. A multicentric retrospective cohort study was conducted investigating associations between S. bovis biotype and species, cirrhosis, and colorectal neoplasm.

The factors associated with the trend in incidence of Bacteraemia and associated mortality over 30 years.

Background: Studies have reported increased incidence of BSI over the past decades and indicate that it is necessary to investigate the causes. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting trends in the incidence of bacteraemias and associated mortality.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study assessing prospectively collected data of all clinically significant bacteraemias between 1991 and 2020 in a 450-bed hospital.

Species and biotypes of Streptococcus bovis causing infective endocarditis.

Introduction: Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex (SBEC) is a major cause of infective endocarditis (IE), although its incidence varies greatly depending on the geographical area. The characteristics of IE caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus susp. gallolyticus are well known; there are hardly any descriptions of IE caused by other species or biotypes.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis management in Spain.

Background: The impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis (TB) patients is unknown.

Methods: Participating centres completed a structured web-based survey regarding changes to TB patient management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also included data from participating centres on patients aged ≥18 diagnosed with TB in 2 periods: March 15 to June 30, 2020 and March 15 to June 30, 2019.

Long-Term Carbapenems Antimicrobial Stewardship Program.

Objective: To evaluate clinical and antibiotic resistance impact of carbapenems stewardship programs.

Methods: descriptive study, pre-post-intervention, between January 2012 and December 2019; 350-bed teaching hospital. Prospective audit and feedback to prescribers was carried out between January 2015 and December 2019.

Long-term efficacy of 6-month therapy with isoniazid and rifampin compared with isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide treatment for pleural tuberculosis.

Research into anti-tuberculosis treatment has mainly focused on pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), with few studies on pleural-TB. The aim of the study is to compare the long-term efficacy of a 6-month treatment regimen with isoniazid and rifampicin (6HR) with treatment regimen of isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide (6HR2Z) for pleural-TB. A case-control study of 200 HIV-negative patients with pleural-TB prospectively followed in our TB-unit from 1995 to 2018.

Correlation between Streptococcus bovis bacteremia and density of cows in Galicia, northwest of Spain.

Background: There are few data on the epidemiology of infections caused by Streptococcus bovis (Sb). Some studies suggest that both residence in rural areas and contact with livestock could be potential risk factors.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study for the period 2005-2016 of all cases of bacteremia caused by Sb in Galicia (a region in the northwest of Spain).

Meropenem antimicrobial stewardship program: clinical, economic, and antibiotic resistance impact.

There are few prospective studies with sufficient duration in time to evaluate clinical and antibiotic resistance impact of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP). This is a descriptive study between January 2012 and December 2017, pre-post intervention. A meropenem ASP was initiated in January 2015; in patients who started treatment with meropenem, an infectious disease physician performed treatment recommendations to prescribers.

Colorectal neoplasm in cases of Clostridium septicum and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus bacteraemia.

Background: Bacteremia with Clostridium septicum (CS) and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG) have both been associated with colorectal neoplasms (CRN) and colonoscopic examination is advised, however the differences and similarities in colorectal findings are not well known.

Methods: This is a multicenter, comparative study of patients with CS bacteremia [44 of 664 cases (6.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV-infected patient using subcutaneous silicone fillers.

The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) remains a concern in severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected patients after starting antiretroviral therapy. We present an HIV-infected transgender woman with subcutaneous silicone fillers, who simultaneously developed tuberculosis-associated and silicone-related IRIS. We propose a possible connection between IRIS and the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA).

The clinical epidemiology and malignancies associated with Streptococcus bovis biotypes in 506 cases of bloodstream infections.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of Streptococcus bovis (Sb) biotypes causing bacteraemia and associated malignancies.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients with Sb bacteraemia, pulled out from a prospective surveillance protocol of bacteraemia cases, in three areas of Spain (1990-2013): a cattle area (Lugo), a fishing area (Ferrol) and an urban area (Barcelona). Colonoscopy and Sb biotypes (Sb-I and Sb-II) were determined in most cases.

ANCA-positive vasculitis induced by levamisole-adulterated cocaine and nephrotic syndrome: The kidney as an unusual target.

Patient: Male, 36 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Levamisole-induced vasculopathy Symptoms: Purpuric skin lesions Medication: Levamisole Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Internal Medicine.

Objective: Unusual clinical course.

Background: Levamisole has been detected in seized cocaine samples and a levamisole-induced vasculopathy (LIV) has been described, mainly focused on skin.

Epidemiology and impact of a multifaceted approach in controlling central venous catheter associated blood stream infections outside the intensive care unit.

Background: Outside ICUs, CVC-ABSIs epidemiology and the results of strategies for their prevention are not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and the impact of a multifaceted "bundle" approach in controlling CVC-ABSIs outside ICU.

Methods: From 1991 we performed prevalence studies of device and parenteral nutrition use, and prospective surveillance of all episodes of CVC-ABSIs in a 350-bed teaching hospital.

Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a new challenge in antiretroviral therapy era.

Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) has been recently reported as a liver disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART). Combination of non-exclusive mechanisms has been described: primary endothelial damage of terminal portal veins induced by HIV or immunologic disorders, mitochondrial toxicity by didanosine and prothrombotic state. It is characterized by heterogeneous liver histological findings, frequently identified as nodular regenerative hyperplasia and clinical manifestations of portal hypertension with well-preserved liver function.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: epidemiology and risk factors.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology and risk factors associated with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB).

Method: Cases of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosed from 1991 to 2008 in a Caucasian population were classified as EPTB or pulmonary TB (PTB). Of all cases, 63.

Non-hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA chronic carrier patients in infection control.

This study reports research on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonized-infected patients who were admitted to a 320-bed hospital. Specifically, we report on the difficulties related to MRSA infection control as a consequence of the increasing incidence of non-hospital-associated MRSA acquisition and patients as chronic carriers who are frequently readmitted to the hospital.

[Cutaneous tuberculosis: a 15-year descriptive study].

Introduction: Cutaneous tuberculosis has experienced a resurgence following a period of decline. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cutaneous tuberculosis in the Ferrol Healthcare Area (Spain).

Methods: Between 1991-2005, 1139 new cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed in Ferrol and submitted to a descriptive analysis.

[Scrofuloderma with osteoarticular tuberculosis in the Ferrol health district].

Introduction: Scrofuloderma results from direct extension of an underlying tuberculous focus such as bone, joint or even the epididymis to the overlying skin, but is more frequent over a lymph node, mainly in the cervical region.

Methods: We analysed all cases of scrofuloderma with a bone or joint focus evaluated in the sanitary area of Ferrol, with a current population of 220,000, during a 15-year period. We describe the clinical, histopathological, and microbiological data of patients.

Tuberculous myocarditis presenting as long QT syndrome.

An increasing QT interval can precipitate life-threatening tachyarrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. Tuberculous myocarditis is a very unusual diagnosis commonly made at autopsy. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can invade the cardiac conduction system and produce potentially dangerous arrhythmias.