Effects of melatonin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities in the liver, kidneys and brain of rats administered with benzo(a)pyrene.

Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] is a widespread pollutant with a mutagenic, carcinogenic and strong prooxidative properties. The present study evaluated the melatonin effects on lipid peroxidation products levels and on activity of antioxidative enzymes in the course of B(a)P intoxication. Control rats were treated with 0.

Effects of adaptive exercise on apoptosis in cells of rat renal tubuli.

Regular exercise is known to improve physiological and functional capacity of many organs due to adaptive processes. We have previously shown that acute exercise in untrained rats results in apoptosis of renal tubular cells and that the apoptotic process seems to be associated with stimulation of angiotensin II, AT1 and AT2 receptors. In this study, we examined the influence of regular training on apoptosis and the role of angiotensin II receptors and antioxidant enzymes in mediating the adaptive response in renal tubular cells.

Expression of metallothionein in renal tubules of rats exposed to acute and endurance exercise.

The induction of exercise-induced apoptosis in not actively involved in exercise organs, such as kidney could be a result of oxidative stress. Metallothionein (MT) exerts a protective effect in the cell against oxidative stress and apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated an increased incidence of apoptosis in distal tubular cells and collecting ducts in rat kidney after acute exercise.

Exercise-induced apoptosis in rat kidney is mediated by both angiotensin II AT1 and AT2 receptors.

Excessive physical exercise may lead to disturbance of the entire homeostasis in the body, including damage not only in skeletal muscles but also in many distant organs. The mechanisms responsible for the exercise-induced changes could include oxidative stress or angiotensin II. We previously showed that acute exercise led to apoptosis in kidney but not as a result of oxidative stress.

Changes of lysosomal enzymes activity in the skeletal muscle fibers exposed to endurance exercise.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of endurance exercise on the activity changes of selected lysosomal enzymes in particular types of rat muscle fibers, occurring by 0-4 days following the trial.

Material And Methods: The experiment was performed on 3 month old male Wistar rats with body mass 250 +/- 25 g, exposed to single physical exercise on moving track (speed 17 m x min(-1), decline 0 degree, duration 87.5 +/- 27.

Physical efficiency of 10-16-year-old boys with hearing impairment.

Purpose: The aim of our investigation was to estimate on hand of the above the physical efficiency value of hearing impaired children and compare them with healthy counterparts.

Material And Methods: The investigation covered a group of 63 boys, 27 with hearing impairment (HI) and 36 healthy (R), 10-16 years old. The investigated subjects were divided into 2 groups according to their age: 10-12 and 14-16-year-old boys.

The role of AT1 and AT2 angiotensin receptors in the mechanism of apoptosis in renal tubular cells after physical exercise.

Intensive physical exercise disturbs the entire homeostasis in the body and leads to changes in haemodynamic and metabolic alterations not only in skeletal muscles but also in many distant organs. In response to acute physical exercise, a decrease of the glomerular filtration may occur, followed by stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Recent studies have shown that both AT1 and AT2 angiotensin receptors may play a role in mediating the apoptotic process in the kidney.

Exercise-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells of the rat.

A number of studies have shown that acute physical exercise is associated with the induction of apoptosis not only in skeletal muscle but also in many distant organs. One of the pathogenic agents responsible for exercise-induced damage in many tissues is the generation of oxygen free radicals. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of exercise-induced oxidative stress on the rat kidney.

[Effect of endurance exercise on blood levels of leptin in women and men].

Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted by adipose tissue which takes part in regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. The aim of the study was to evaluate an endurance exercise influence on leptin levels and its relation with lipids parameters and energy expenditure during an effort. Forty two cyclists (16 women and 26 men) have performed a progressive test.

[Physiological mechanisms of physical activity affecting health].

Movement is a genetically determined functional feature of the human organism that can be modified by environmental factors and by behavioral influences. Caused by physical activity homeostatic changes have many aspects of stress reaction giving positive and/or negative health effects. In the paper there are presented main aspects of these effects with a special reference to the mechanisms of their appearance.

Melatonin stimulates the activity of protective antioxidative enzymes in myocardial cells of rats in the course of doxorubicin intoxication.

The study aimed at determining the effect of melatonin on the activity of protective antioxidative enzymes in the heart and of lipid peroxidation products in the course of intoxication with doxorubicin (DOX). The rats were categorized into four groups, receiving: 0.9% NaCl i.

Role of exogenous melatonin in reducing the nephrotoxic effect of daunorubicin and doxorubicin in the rat.

The aim of these studies was to examine the nephroprotective effect of melatonin following the anthracycline administration [daunorubicin (DNR); doxorubicin (DOX)] in rats. Application of these drugs in chemotherapy is limited because of their cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Rats of the Buffalo strain were divided into groups according to the cytostatic drug used, its dose and sequence of administration [DNR or DOX single (i.

Role of exogenous melatonin in reducing the cardiotoxic effect of daunorubicin and doxorubicin in the rat.

The aim of the studies was to examine the cardioprotective effect of melatonin during the anthracycline administration (daunorubicin, doxorubicin) in rats. Application of these drugs in chemotherapy is limited because of their cardiotoxicity. Rats of Buffalo strain were divided into groups according to the cytostatic drug used, its dose and sequence of administration (single intravenous [i.

Effect of smoking and alcohol consumption on the serum selenium level of Lower Silesian population.

Serum selenium (Se) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in erythrocytes have been determined for a healthy Lower Silesian population. The results have been analysed in relation to smoking and alcohol consumption habits. The mean concentration of serum Se for the group is within the lower range and appears to be significantly lower in the group of smokers that was studied (smoking over 20 cigarettes/day, mean concentration value = 50.

Effect of cadmium intoxication on glucose utilization in energy metabolism of muscles.

The influence of cadmium intoxication on carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscles and liver of the male Wistar rats has been studied. Cadmium was administered as cadmium acetate in a dose of 0.3 mg Cd2+/kg body weight for three months.

[The effect of cadmium poisoning on glucose transformation in skeletal muscles].

Long-time effects of Cd on carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in male Wistar rats. A dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight of Cd in acetate form was subcutaneously injected to the experimental animals twice a week through 3 months.

Metabolic adaptation of muscles to exercise, vibration and raised temperature under the influence of cernitins.

Wistar rats were used to study the effects of cernitins, i.e. aqueous and oil extracts of pollens, on the metabolic adaptation of the soleus muscle to exercise, vibration and raised ambient temperature.

Specific problems of physical training of cosmonauts.

Physical fitness and--closely related to it--physiological aspects of physical condition are very important in the elevation of the tolerance level to harmful effects of surrounding factors. To improve the possibilities of withstanding the factors of spaceflight, the cosmonauts undergo special training. Among the training methods there is a physical training program that is planned in relation to the general fitness of the cosmonaut.