Mechanism of oxygen reduction chemical affinity in NiO/SiO interfaces irradiated with keV energy hydrogen and helium ions for heterostructure fabrication.

Low-energy light ion beams are an essential resource in lithography for nanopatterning magnetic materials and interfaces due to their ability to modify the structure and properties of metamaterials. Here we create ferromagnetic/non-ferromagnetic heterostructures with a controlled layer thickness and nanometer-scale precision. For this, hydrogen ion (H) irradiation is used to reduce the antiferromagnetic nickel oxide (NiO) layer into ferromagnetic Ni with lower fluence than in the case of helium ion (He) irradiation.

Weighted Hermite-Hadamard integral inequalities for general convex functions.

In this article, starting with an equation for weighted integrals, we obtained several extensions of the well-known Hermite-Hadamard inequality. We used generalized weighted integral operators, which contain the Riemann-Liouville and the $ k $-Riemann-Liouville fractional integral operators. The functions for which the operators were considered satisfy various conditions such as the $ h $-convexity, modified $ h $-convexity and $ s $-convexity.

Surface channelling and energy losses of 4 keV hydrogen and fluorine ions in grazing scattering on Au(111) and missing row reconstructed Au(110) surfaces.

We present the results of an experimental and theoretical study of surface channelling and energy loss of 4 keV hydrogen and fluorine ions in grazing scattering on a missing row reconstructed Au(110) surface and a Au(111) surface. We performed measurements of energy losses for grazing angle scattering in surface channelling conditions for various azimuthal orientations of the crystal. Experimental results are discussed in the light of trajectory calculations of hydrogen and fluorine ions scattered under grazing incidence conditions on the surface.

Energy losses of muons, pions, protons, and deuterons channeled in Si.

The energy loss of positive muons, pions, protons, and deuterons channeled in Si crystals has been investigated by computer simulation. The model considers the individual trajectories of particles inside the target and calculates the electronic energy loss for each particle history. The results show important differences in the energy loss distributions, stopping powers, and straggling values for low and intermediate energies, as a consequence of channeling effects.